"Chicago & North Western Railroad, Clinton, Iowa. Women wipers at the roundhouse cleaning one of the giant H-class locomotives"
Ilargi: As the markets have a fever, the Middle East escalates further (tomorrow, Friday March 11, is supposed to be a day of mass protest in Saudi Arabia) and Bill Gross and Pimco move out of Treasuries and into the dollar (!), we take a step back from the obvious, to look at what may well be the next economic and physical battlefields: India, Pakistan and China, which together contain one third of the world population but much less than a third of its potable water. Pollution and depletion are a fast-deteriorating threat to stability in these regions that we all too easily overlook (and no, it's not old news) as we turn on the taps in our homes. Oh, and yes, all three have nukes. Here's Ashvin Pandurangi with Part III of "The Math is Different at the Top".
Ashvin Pandurangi:
Will Water Set the World on Fire?
The first two articles in this series, Part I - The Math is Different at the Top and Part II - Financial Threats to Power, discussed the effects of the ongoing financial crisis from the perspective of global financial elites, who have traditionally used such crises to concentrate more wealth and power in the national and international institutions (corporations, government agencies, etc.) which they control. It was suggested that the recent sociopolitical developments in Africa and the Middle East, while driven primarily by the deterioration of the global financial system, are not enough to rid the system of the parasitic elites in charge.
In fact, it is highly likely that either a) the "popular" insurrection currently taking place in Libya was partially fomented by the U.S. military-industrial complex or b) the insurrection is in the process of being co-opted by the same, which would obviously like nothing better than to gain control of Libya's oil reserves. [1], [2]. Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, financial contracts and direct/indirect military interventions were repeatedly used to extract critical resources from these regions, but now there is no more ability or time to rely on the former. Even the traditional CIA tactic of organizing, training and implementing regional coups may be too unreliable and time-consuming at this point.
Despite their control over vast networks of intelligence and propaganda, the elites have not managed to convince the local populations of these countries that their interventionist policies are in the least bit helpful. A majority of people in Egypt, Libya, Afghanistan, etc. are entirely opposed to foreign interference and/or occupation, but, unfortunately, this sentiment is largely irrelevant to the elites.
If bitter and protracted civil wars break out all across the region, the elites will simply continue to go about their business, securing resources and strategic locations, while the rest of the world watches on with apathetic indignation. However, the simple math guiding the strategy of elites takes a detour into complexity when widescale sociopolitical disruptions begin occurring throughout the developed world, including Japan, the U.S. and Europe, as they will soon enough.
How do you contain a population of fiendish debt addicts experiencing their worst stages of withdrawal? Is the imposition of martial law and suspension of due (legal) process enough, or will the sheer desperation of the people win out? The elites may be able to circumvent the constitutional protections of various countries, but, as so many other things in our systemic world, that tactic is a double-edged sword, because people will have very little reason to hold out for a better future once those most basic governmental protections have been stripped away. A renewed storm of rapid financial turmoil will most assuredly take the developed world "by surprise" in the next year or so, but it is not exactly clear how people will react, how governments will respond or how large the scale of systemic disruption will be.
The closest historical example we have to the current financial crisis is the Great Depression, and the elites certainly emerged from the other side of that event more powerful than ever. There is evidence that the same group of moneyed elites actually financed both the Third Reich and the Allies during World War II, which of course ended only after the U.S. developed nuclear weapons of mass destruction and dropped two of them on Japan. They then proceeded to "hedge" their bets again and financed both the U.S. Empire and the Soviet Empire, and currently we see a major shift of investment capital to China. Those were simpler times, however, when there were plentiful reserves of fossil fuels available and natural ecosystems had only been partially exploited by industrial process.
In Part II of this series, it was posited that global wealth inequality is a good measure of socioeconomic complexity resulting from finance, but overall complexity is best measured by global energy consumption. This measure has been exponentially increasing for well over a century now, and the trend has both destroyed natural ecosystems and depleted at least half of the world's oil reserves, which had comprised the largest source of net energy and corresponding increases in complexity. The explosion of global financial instruments after World War II greatly exacerbated this dynamic, since it allowed additional industrial activity that would not have otherwise occurred. This article will specifically focus on ecosystem degradation as a significant, near-term threat to financial elites, as it dramatically effects very critical (strategically, economically, politically) parts of our global system.
Water Ecosystem Degradation
It is one thing for large populations to lose their real and perceived financial wealth, but an entirely more disruptive thing for those populations to lose access to clean water and adequate food. There are two nations that provide the quintessential example of a breeding ground for sociopolitical instability brought on by industrialization and resulting environmental degradation - Pakistan and India. The former state was arbitrarily created after the end of British colonial rule of India in 1948, and its borders were drawn in a fashion that exacerbated long-standing tensions between Muslim and Hindu populations and divided control over critical resources. Both of these countries are labeled as suffering from "acute water scarcity" by the United Nations, and this trend will significantly contribute to chronic food shortages, as they both rely on irrigated agriculture for exports and also to feed their growing populations. [3].
Much of India's water scarcity is directly or indirectly (population growth) caused by the industrialization of its economy. The discharge of untreated sewage from urban areas into rivers and streams has introduced many organic and inorganic toxins into surface waters. Heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural sector have significantly contributed to polluting almost 70% of the country's surface water and a growing number of groundwater reserves, rendering much of them unsuitable for human consumption, irrigation or industrial processes. There are also many other industrial factors making this horrible water situation even worse, including the destruction of forest, wetland and coastal ecosystems, as well as climate change (discussed more in Part IV). [4].
Pakistan is in a very similar situation, as it relies on water resources for agriculture and industry, which have in turn degraded the quality of its surface and groundwater over many years. [5]. Of course, it also shares many of the same sources of water with India (Indus River and its tributaries), and this fact sets up the likelihood of greatly increased conflict (perhaps full-blown war) between the two states within the next few years. India is already in the process of constructing 33 new hydro-electric dams, some of which are located in the hotly-disputed Kashmir territory, and studies indicate that their cumulative storage of river water could divert significant amounts of water from Pakistan during its growing season. [6].
These projects may be in violation of the Indus Water Treaty of 1960 (dealing with water sharing), but humans find it easy to make such agreements when resources are abundant, and as they quickly evaporate (or contaminate), painfully desperate countries cannot be expected to, and will not, continue to recognize international law. Neither of these countries have significant domestic sources of energy (other than hydro-electric), both have a growing number of people born into poverty (India is the second-most populous country in the world, contains some of the most densely populated areas, and has one of the poorest populations), and both have dwindling water resources that are critical for agriculture, industry and human consumption (as well as the natural world, of course). [7].
It is truly a ticking timebomb that encompasses two states with a bitter ethnic/religious rivalry and nuclear arsenals waiting in the wing. The latter fact, along with India's importance to the global economy, makes upheaval in these countries a major threat to financial elites attempting to maintain global order and control. The Indus River Basin is often referred to as one of the birthplaces of human civilization, and it could very well ignite the fire that eventually burns the power structures of modern civilization to the ground.
Many of the disturbing environmental trends mentioned above can also be found in another state with a major economy (second largest) and a nuclear arsenal, albeit to a somewhat lesser extent - China. An unofficial Census report has recently estimated that total discharges of harmful chemicals into China's rivers and lakes amount to 30.3 million tons in 2007, twice the number that had been officially reported. Government planners had estimated that Chinese water sources could only handle about 7.4 million tons of discharge a year, which is more than four times less than what the report found. Much of the discharge comes from industrial processes and chemical agriculture, which account for 90% of China's water consumption.
Due to a rapidly growing economy and population, environmental degradation, increasing droughts and wealth inequality, almost a quarter of China's population (primarily in the North) did not have access to safe drinking water as of 2009 and nearly 15% currently suffer from water-related illnesses. [8], [9]. China is also the largest exporter of agricultural crops in the world, and water scarcity is becoming an imminent threat to this industry. Many farmers in the Northern plains have already stopped producing wheat because of unreliable surface water and no access to groundwater. Chinese agriculture employs 300 million people in the country, and anywhere from 5-19% of the population already suffered from "hunger" according to the World Food Program's estimates in 2006.
It is then clear that a majority of the world's population is quickly losing its access to adequate water supplies necessary for maintaining production and consumption, and will therefore fall deeper into sickness, hunger and bloody warfare. Although the financial elites in power are most likely aware of these trends and their implications, it is still a situation unlike any other they have ever encountered in history. Destruction of water ecosystems in India and China, along with the tense dynamic between India and Pakistan, reflect irreversible environmental trends that will unfold in a very chaotic, non-linear manner, and the ensuing outcomes will be largely outside of the control of financial power elites.
Many other large countries are well down the path to facing issues of water (food) scarcity in the upcoming future, including the U.S., as they have destroyed their natural ecosystems through industrial development and toxic agriculture. However, the ecosystems of most developed countries are still capable of providing sufficient water to their populations at this point, and it is unlikely that another "Deep Water Horizon" event will incite a populist revolution. The more pressing concern for those countries is access to cheap and efficient energy, as they completely rely on such energy for the production of numerous goods, the provision of services (i.e. healthcare), transportation, international trade and industrial agriculture.
Next time, in the final part of this article series (Part IV), we will explore the issues of peak oil and climate change from the perspectives of financial elites, who will witness these systemic instabilities quickly spread across our global networks, leaving no developed country immune from its devastation, especially those that rely on imported oil to meet a significant portion of its domestic energy consumption needs.The sheer lack of preparedness or resilience in these regions for a systemic energy or environmental shock is mind-boggling at the individual perspective, but perhaps it is precisely the state of dependency that financial elites want their populations to be in when these crises hit.
At the same time, the elites themselves may be the ones who are truly dependent on environmental, economic and social systems that are generally predictable and stable; ones that simply cannot exist without access to increasing net energy.
The Exploding U.S. Money Supply Myth
by Cullen Roche - Pragmatic Capitalism
In recent weeks some hyperinflationists have succumbed to the reality that QE2 isn’t really adding net new financial assets to the private sector – it is indeed just an asset swap. But this hasn’t stopped them from claiming that QE2 directly results in an exploding money supply. This convoluted thinking claims that QE is directly funding government spending (as if the US government would have stopped spending money and folded up shop without QE2). So now the theory is that QE is really resulting in excess of $1.5T in new money in the form of deficit spending. This is flawed for reasons I have previously explained, but let’s not theorize about the money supply – let’s allow the facts to speak for themselves.Over the years many have been quick to cite the monetary base as the direct transmission mechanism that would lead to the great hyperinflation. We all know the story – the Fed’s balance sheet explodes, the monetary base shoots higher and money starts flowing out of bank vaults like a volcanic overflow. But regular readers are all too aware that the monetary base has no correlation with the broader money supply. The reasoning is simple – the money multiplier is a myth. So, it doesn’t matter how many apples (reserves) the Fed puts on the shelves. It doesn’t result in more apple sales (loans). Banks are never reserve constrained. The explosion in reserves and continuing decline in loans makes this crystal clear. The Fed can continue to stuff banks with reserves and unless we see a substantive increase in lending the expansion of the monetary base will continue to be insignificant.
But what about M2? Isn’t it also exploding higher now? Not really. In a recent article Erwan Mahe, an asset allocation and options strategist with OTCexgroup, posted this excellent chart comparing M2 growth across the big three economies. He said:
“As you can see in this graph, China literally allowed its money supply to skyrocket, compared to that of the U.S. or the eurozone, with annual growth averaging +17.4% between 1996 and 2008, which compares to +7.1% in the eurozone and +6.3% in the United States.
Above all, since the beginning of 2009, this divergence has actually widened, despite the Fed’s QEs and 0% interest rates, since Chinese M2 has been growing at 26.6% per annum (!), versus +3.5% in the U.S. and +2.3% in the eurozone.
So, I wonder, is Bernanke truly responsible for the hike in world commodity prices and the ensuing popular upheavals?”
The story here couldn’t be more self explanatory. The US M2 money supply is simply not expanding anywhere close to its historical rate. The only country where the M2 money supply is seeing any sort of substantive growth is in China. And so it’s not surprising to see the combination of commodity hungry China and enormous money supply growth result in higher commodity prices. While I don’t think it’s incorrect to blame some speculative aspect of this rally on the Fed it is entirely incorrect to blame the Fed for the commodity rally due to their “money printing”. The fact is, the USA is not expanding the money supply at an alarming rate. China controls their own money supply. If they desire to print money in order to maintain their flawed currency peg then that’s a policy only they can control. Blaming the Fed for China’s flawed monetary policy is not even remotely fair.
Although the USA stopped issuing M3 we can still measure M3 through various independent sources. Hyperinflationists are often quick to point out Shadow Stats when anyone cites the CPI. Ironically, according to their data the M3 money supply is still shrinking at an annualized rate:
So yes, the US government is running a massive $1.5T deficit, however, by any metric of money supply we can see that this is barely offsetting the continued de-leveraging that is occurring across the US economy. We are certain to see higher rates of inflation in 2011 (especially if oil prices surge higher), however, it is not an accurate portrayal of reality to conclude that the USA is “printing money” uncontrollably and flooding the world with dollars that will lead to hyperinflation. That is simply not the case and the data speaks for itself. At best, we are barely printing enough to offset the destruction of de-leveraging….
The 2008 crash isn’t over, only covered up
by Paul B. Farrell - Marketwatch
Reaganomics is driving us into Phase 2 of the meltdown
We have hard evidence Washington and Wall Street knew the 2008 crash was coming years in advance. Yes, they could have prevented it. But didn’t. And, yes, the cover-up cost Americans trillions.
Was their Reaganomics ideology so rigid, so blinding, they couldn’t (and still cannot) admit they were wrong? Forcing them to lie to America? Cover up the lies? The evidence is clear.
Today, a harsh lesson from history, facts and a warning. Listen closely America. It’s already happening again. The collective Reaganomics Brain has gone from crash to cover-up to comeback kid to capitalism-for-the-super-rich in three short years. Now with absolute power over America.
But the worst is yet to come. The forces behind the 2008 crash are stronger today. Like the villain in a horror-flick sequel, the dark side is now hungrier. Phase 2 is already in full swing as the Reaganomics Brain aggressively races to complete unfinished business — the 2008 meltdown — which will implode Wall Street banks and the Fed, ending the reign of the dollar as the world’s reserve currency
Recently we reported some bearish predictions for 2011 by two respected market leaders: Ned Davis warns of a "midyear peak" before a new cyclical bear. Jeremy Grantham warns investors to get out before Christmas.Market Crash 2011: It will hit by Christmas.
Bad news for investors angry at the past, worried about the future. Remember, the Dow’s barely above its best 2000 level of 11,722. Adjusted for inflation, the market has flatlined the past decade.
America’s boomers don’t have to be rocket scientists to see the workings of the Reaganomics Brain here, how it’s destroying capitalism, democracy and their retirements. Here’s hard evidence of lies and cover-ups in past and future catastrophes:
March 2004. Fed Chairman Greenspan ‘cover-up’ of coming crash
In a Bloomberg Market’s magazine column last year, "Greenspan Cover-up," Roger Lowenstein, author of "The End of Wall Street," wrote that in a newly released transcript of a March 2004 meeting Greenspan "argues against disclosing too much to the public lest the Fed ‘lose control of a process that only we fully understand’." Yes, a cover-up.
Lowenstein was classy, but went ballistic: "This statement ranks as a sign of monumental arrogance. It was Greenspan himself who didn’t understand, much less ‘fully understand,’ that the Fed’s lax mortgage regulation and easy monetary policies were setting America up for a disastrous fall."
Then the indictment: "Had the Fed publicized such concerns, it might have led to a crackdown and forestalled millions of bad mortgages that would be written over the following 2 1/2 years. Instead, the Fed released minutes with sanitized phrases that had been stripped of alarming language." Lying by omission, then a cover-up.
Now ask yourself: Was Greenspan so blinded from being inside the myopic echo chamber of the collective Reaganomics Brain for so many years that he, like all other insiders, is forced to lie, then cover up the lies?
Aug 2006. New Treasury secretary in ‘cover-up’ of crash dead ahead
As a postscript to the meltdown, Bloomberg later reported that back in August 2006, a month after Henry Paulson left Goldman Sachs as CEO with a net worth of over $500 million to become the new Treasury secretary, he spoke to the White House staff at Camp David: "Paulson held up over-the-counter derivatives as an example of financial innovation that could, under certain circumstances, blow up in Wall Street’s face and affect the whole economy."
Reminds us of Warren Buffett’s famous reference to derivatives a "financial weapons of mass destruction."
Cover-up? Conflict of interest? You bet. America’s Treasury secretary had the facts, but never warned the public. Worse: Instead, happy talk and lies from Paulson, covering up the risks. More than anyone in America, as Goldman’s CEO, Paulson knew about all about the deadly risks in the $500 trillion global derivatives casino, from years building Goldman’s derivatives business.
Worse: Later, when we learned about Goldman’s cover-up in failing to disclose to its own investors its double-dealing with AIG and hedge fund shorting, Paulson’s conflict of interest became clearer. He should have disclosed the risks, yes, had a duty to warn America, but instead refused to share, chose instead to lie and cover up for years.
July 2007. Paulson and Bernanke ‘cover up’ crash after it began
Cover-up? Lie? America’s Treasury Secretary? Yes, a cover-up at the top. One year after becoming Wall Street’s Trojan Horse on the inside of Washington, as the meltdown spread rapidly across Wall Street, this guy with the keys to trillions of the American taxpayer’s retirement money, could have come clean. But instead he was locked into the collective Reaganomics Brain ideology, forced to perpetuate the cover-up.
Yes, Paulson could have told the truth to the American public, to investors and taxpayers, but instead Paulson told Fortune magazine: "This is far and away the strongest global economy I’ve seen in my business lifetime."
What a whopper. Part of the bigger overall cover-up of the collective Reaganomics Brain ideologues, for during these pre-meltdown years, Paulson, Greenspan and new Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke were regaling America with happy-talk about the subprime mortgage crisis being "contained," just "regional froth."
October 2008. Meltdown, then Paulson cons a clueless Congress
America’s Treasury Secretary, Hank Paulson was Wall Street’s man on the inside in the fall of 2008 just before the presidential election.
He failed America when the derivative markets collapsed, by conning Congress into protecting his Wall Street buddies with cash, credits and sweetheart deals, even though they were insolvent, virtually bankrupt and had no negotiating power.
Cover-up? Yes, the Reaganomics Brain ideologues were inside, running America for Wall Street’s benefit rather than the American taxpayer. Paulson’s old buddies were all well-protected — to be paid out of retirement monies from America’s boomers.
March 2011. Greenspan leading new Reaganomics resurgence
The Reaganomics Brain that’s ruled America for the past generation is making a swift comeback as the dominant political ideology favored by Wall Street. Last week Bloomberg news put this dangerous resurgence in the spotlight, in effect confirming that the worst of the 2008 meltdown was never completed, historical lessons never learned, and that another crash — like the aftershock of a deadly earthquake — is coming soon to complete the unfinished business.
Here’s why: Bloomberg just reported on a Greenspan’s article in International Finance magazine. He’s not only defending his legacy with renewed allegiance to the ultra-conservative Reaganomics Brain dogma that sustained him for 18 years; Greenspan now blames Obama’s Keynesian policies for the slow recovery. Listen:
Greenspan’s "conclusions fit with his long-held free-market ideology." He warns "a surge in U.S. government ‘activism,’ including fiscal stimulus, housing subsidies and new regulations, is holding back the economic recovery." But like Paulson and the rest of this Reaganomics Brain resurgence, there’s no acceptance of his personal past in the meltdown, only blame.
Greenspan sees the problem with the recovery of the American economy as the Democrats failure to embrace free market, deregulation and massive tax cuts, not Greenspan’s failed monetary policies, not Bush’s costly preemptive wars, not Cheney’s belief that "deficits don’t matter."
Warnings ignored 2000 to 2008, still denied, the price we’ll pay grows
Back in an early 2008 quarterly letter to investors, Jeremy Grantham, whose GMO firm manages $100 billion worldwide, said the warning signs of a coming crash were everywhere. But few listened.
As Grantham put it, "the three or four dozen-odd characters screaming about it are always going to be ignored." Past and future. Why? It’s a brain defect, trapped in our DNA, overriding our rational abilities.
Worse, the new Reaganomics ideologues like Bernanke, the GOP, Tea Party, even Obama, are now marching in lockstep, embracing Reaganomics, squashing all dissent, and repeating the same economic blunders as Greenspan and Paulson.
For more information read my report of 22 warnings from major market figures starting in 2000 till the 2008 meltdown. My summary includes warnings by one SEC chairman, two Fed Governors, five leading economists, four billionaires, five money managers overseeing trillions, two leading financial historians, and many more not on the list. 20 reasons a new mega-bubble will pop in 2011.
All their warnings were ignored, lied about and covered up by Greenspan, Paulson and all the other Reaganomics Brain ideologues running Washington and Wall Street the past generation. But soon a powerful revolution will stop the lies and the cover-ups. America on the brink of a Second Revolution.
U.S. government sets $223 billion monthly deficit record
by Stephen Dinan - Washington Times
The federal government posted its largest monthly deficit in history in February, a $223 billion shortfall that put a sharp point on the current fight on Capitol Hill about how deeply to cut this year's spending. That one-month figure, which came in a preliminary report from the Congressional Budget Office, dwarfs even the most robust cuts being talked about on the Hill, and underscores just how much work lawmakers have to do to get the government's finances in balance again.
The Senate plans to vote Tuesday on competing proposals to cut spending, but Democrats have rejected GOP-backed cuts of more than $50 billion, and Republicans have ruled out Democrats' cuts of less than $10 billion, meaning neither plan will draw the 60 votes needed to overcome a filibuster and pass. "We've all done the math and we all know how these votes will turn out: Neither proposal will pass, which means neither will reach the president's desk as written. We'll go back to square one and back to the negotiating table," said Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, Nevada Democrat.
The two sides are facing a March 18 deadline, which is when the current stopgap funding bill expires. Without a new spending agreement by then, the government would shut down. The House two weeks ago passed a bill that would cut $57 billion more from 2010 spending levels, including major reductions in a number of domestic programs. Over the weekend, a top Senate Democrat said his party can accept no more than $6 billion in domestic cuts, and pointed to the proposal his colleagues introduced Friday that trims from several areas. But a new set of numbers from the CBO indicates that Senate Democrats' proposal actually totals only $4.7 billion when measured as reductions compared with the previous year's spending.
So far, budget negotiations have not produced much visible progress. President Obama designated Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. as his point man in the conversations, and Mr. Biden convened a meeting with congressional leaders last Thursday at the Capitol. But Mr. Biden is traveling in Europe this week on a long-planned trip to meet with foreign leaders. White House press secretary Jay Carney hinted that Mr. Biden could still participate by phone, but declined to say whether anyone else was taking the lead in the talks in his absence. "I'm not going to specify, simply to say that a variety of staff members, senior staff members, have been in conversations with folks on the Hill about this," the spokesman said.
Republicans argue that Congress needs to tackle not only short-term spending, but long-term growth in the costs of Social Security and Medicare as well. "Something must be done, and now is the time to do it. Republicans are ready and willing. Where is the president?" said Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, Kentucky Republican. "Suddenly, at the moment when we can actually do something about all this, he's silent."
According to the CBO, the government has notched a $642 billion deficit for the first five months of fiscal 2011, which is slightly less than last year's pace. Income tax revenues are rising faster than spending, which accounts for the marginally improved picture. But interest on the debt continues to grow, reaching $101 billion through the end of February — a 12.5 percent increase over 2010.
The nonpartisan CBO's February deficit number is preliminary. The Treasury Department will issue the final number later this week. February is traditionally a bad month for federal finances. The previous two records were $220.9 billion, posted exactly a year ago, and $193.9 billion in February 2009.
Pimco cuts US Treasuries holdings to zero, moves into cash
by Dan McCrum and Michael Mackenzie - Financial Times
The world’s biggest bond fund has cut its holdings of US government-related debt to zero for the first time since early 2008 in the latest sign of increasing investor expectations of rising interest rates. The move by the $237bn PimcoTotal Return fund follows warnings by its fund manager Bill Gross of rising bond yields as the US Federal Reserve nears the end of its massive bond buying programme, known as quantitative easing, or QE2.
Such rises would hit the value of holdings of bonds as their price move inversely to their yields. Mr Gross, one of the most influential figures in bond markets, said in his March investment outlook that Pimco estimated the Fed has been buying 70 per cent of annualised issuance of Treasuries since QE2 began – a programme he last year likened to a Ponzi scheme.
Meanwhile, foreign investors have been buying the remaining 30 per cent. Mr Gross said as a result there was a risk of a temporary void in demand once QE2 is scheduled to end in June. "Yields may have to go higher, maybe even much higher to attract buying interest," he said. The Federal Reserve is buying some $100bn of Treasuries each month and since November has purchased $412bn of government debt under QE2. By the end of June, the Fed is expected to have purchased around $800bn of Treasuries, pushing its total holdings to $1,600bn.
After slashing its government- related holdings to zero, Pimco Total Return’s assets are primarily in US mortgages, corporate bonds, high yield and emerging market debt. The fund holds 23 per cent of its assets in net cash equivalents, defined as any instrument that has a low sensitivity to movements in interest rates. The move was first reported by the Zero Hedge website. The fund is the best performer in its category over the past 15 years, according to Morningstar. Mr Gross also has track record of making high-profile calls on markets. In 2007, when bond yields were rising, Mr Gross forecast housing would lead the economy into recession and send bond yields into reverse.
Last year, he controversially described the UK gilt market as "resting on a bed of nitroglycerine" due to the scale of the nation’s debts. He later told the Financial Times his assertion was always meant to be directed at the pound, not gilts, and that he mellowed his views after the government’s austerity programme to cut spending. "I would change it from nitroglycerine to dynamite," he said.
The positioning by Pimco’s best-known fund follows a drop to 12 per cent of assets held in government-related debt in January, from as much as 63 per cent in late 2009. The fund has returned 7.23 per cent in the past year, beating 85 per cent of its peers, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. It gained 1.39 per cent over the past month.
"No Way Out" of Debt Trap, Bill Gross Says: U.S. Living Standards Doomed to Fall
by Stacy Curtin - Tech Ticker
Debt, debt and more mounting debt is plaguing countries around the globe. In the U.S., states across the country face a collective $125 billion shortfall for fiscal 2012, while Congress is facing a budget gap nearly 10 times that size.
PIMCO founder Bill Gross -- one of the world's largest mutual funds managers, who focuses mostly on bonds -- has previously said that if the United States were a corporation, no one in their right mind would lend us money. For the last decade, we’ve been "relying on the kindness of strangers" to help cover our debts, he tells Aaron Task in the accompanying clip.
By "strangers" he is referring to our foreign counterparts, like China for example. Basically, for years Americans have spent their hard-earned dollars on less-expensive Chinese made goods. With great gratitude, China turned around and used all those dollars to buy up U.S. Treasuries and other dollar-denominated assets.
But now after years of reckless spending, America’s debt level is nearing a breaking point and can no longer rely on foreign capital as a last resort. "When a country reaches a certain debt level, confidence in that country’s ability to repay that debt becomes jeopardized," says Gross, citing the work of Ken Rogoff and Carmen Reinhart in This Time Is Different.
The Way Forward...And Your Pocketbook
The budget crisis situation unfolding - at the state and federal government level - does not bode well for working men and women in this country. There are really only two choices, says Gross. And, neither favors your pocketbook:
- Option #1 – Keep spending and do nothing
- Option #2 – Balance our budgets by cutting entitlements
House Republicans ran and won on a platform to cut $100 billion from the budget this year and last month managed to pass legislation that would strip $61 billion in spending. But for President Obama and Congressional Democrats, those cuts go way too far at a time when the country is still struggling to recover from the worst recession since the Great Depression. Goldman Sachs and Bill Gross agree and have warned that cutting too much could stifle growth.
Meanwhile, neither side has gotten serious about reforming entitlement programs like Social Security and Medicare, which account for more than a third of Uncle Sam's budget. If the country cannot come to grips and cut back on entitlement programs, U.S. debt will continue to grow and governments around the world will loose faith in the U.S. dollar. Foreign goods would become more expensive, says Gross, while our standard of living would drop.
Under the second option, if entitlement programs are cut, many Americans would naturally have to learn to live on less and take a hit to their standard of living. "There is really no way out of this trap and this conundrum at this point," says Gross. From an investment perspective his advice is to stay clear of "bonds in dollar denominated terms" and to be "wary of higher interest rates going forward."
US home prices falling to level of 1890s
by SoldAtTheTop - Christian Science Monitor
While many have become convinced that a bottom to the national home price decline was seen during 2010, there is growing evidence to the contrary, including eleven of twenty markets tracked by S&P/Case-Shiller reaching for new lows and multiple home price index sources showing generally that prices have all but retraced the distortive effects of the federal first-time homebuyer program.
Further, while nominally (i.e. not adjusted for inflation) home prices may have gone a long way into correction territory, in real terms (i.e. inflation adjusted), national home prices are still significantly elevated (possibly by as much as 15%-20%) above long-run norms.
Some years back, Yale Professor Robert Shiller produced a long-run nominal home price index for the U.S. by fusing together data that had been gathered from a number of historical archives. Shiller then adjusted the index for inflation revealing the very interesting fact that, in real terms, prices for U.S. homes changed very little over the span from 1890 to the mid-1990s.
This might come as a surprise to many since recent "common sense" notions held that homes were always a great investment carrying the implication that they must typically increase in value yet, the reality is that over the long run home prices must stay in-line with changes in the level of income (the source generally used to fund the home cost) or else typical households would not be capable of making a purchase.
Now as we are well aware, real home prices began to swell in the late 1990s reaching a peak in 2006 after having increased by over 80% nationally and even much more in some of the more frothy markets representing a massive and abrupt deviation from the long-run norm.
Since 2006 home prices have continually declined yet the current level is still significantly elevated over the level that had been typical for the 100 years prior to the bubble. Further, it’s important to note that the ten year rate of change of real national home prices is still positive... we have yet to experience enough of a decline to erase all the gains of the prior ten years.
This paint’s a pretty clear picture… the national home price decline has further to run, possibly as much as 15%-20%, before real prices reach the long-run trend and a level more in-line with fundamentals.
Nameless, formless crisis enveloping nation's home price indices
by Jacob Gaffney - Housing Wire
Fears of a double dip in housing are giving away to a realization that the nation's mortgage markets are facing a much colder reality — something that will not so easily be named, but is nonetheless hanging around for a very long time. Both Standard & Poor's and Radar Logic Research released updates Monday on the prices sellers are asking for residential properties. Neither is positive.
"No matter what you call it, a 'double dip' or the continuation of a long process of deterioration, the current trend in home prices is evidence that housing markets are continuing to languish," said Quinn Eddins, director of research at Radar Logic. "We expect the negative trend to continue under a severe supply overhang that includes a large and growing 'shadow inventory' of homes in default or foreclosure," Eddins said.
In the past, such market behavior would be called a "w-shaped" recovery. But the National Bureau of Economic Research called an end to the recession in June 2009, and nearly two years later, there is not enough improvement to resemble a recovery in the housing market.
The RPX composite index, which tracks 25 metro areas, reached its lowest level since peaking in 2007. At $183.18 a square foot, today's RPX Composite price is 34% lower than its peak value of $278.32 a square foot, which reflects closings during the period ending June 8, 2007. The RPX Composite price is lower than the price for any other date since May 14, 2003.
An increase of cash buyers and some sales volume on steeply discounted jumbo properties notwithstanding, the nation's home prices are following the supply-side much more so than the demand side. U.S. home prices declined for five straight months leading up to 2011, according to a recent report published by Standard & Poor's. The 20-city S&P/Case-Shiller home price index has dropped 4.3% since July. And when Case-Shiller comes out again, S&P expects more drops.
"Existing U.S. home sales rose and new home sales declined in January, while the official housing inventory level dropped for existing homes and declined at a slower pace for new ones," said S&P structured finance research analyst Erkan Erturk. "We attribute the increase in existing sales in January to buyers locking in lower rates as mortgage rates started to rise," he added. "Nevertheless, mortgage rates are still low by historical standards."
Number Of Underwater Mortgages Rises As More Homeowners Fall Behind
by Derek Kravitz - AP
The number of Americans who owe more on their mortgages than their homes are worth rose at the end of last year, preventing many people from selling their homes in an already weak housing market. About 11.1 million households, or 23.1 percent of all mortgaged homes, were underwater in the October-December quarter, according to report released Tuesday by housing data firm CoreLogic. That's up from 22.5 percent, or 10.8 million households, in the July-September quarter.
The number of underwater mortgages had fallen in the previous three quarters. But that was mostly because more homes had fallen into foreclosure. Underwater mortgages typically rise when home prices fall. Home prices in December hit their lowest point since the housing bust in 11 of 20 major U.S. metro areas. In a healthy housing market, about 5 percent of homeowners are underwater.
Roughly two-thirds of homeowners in Nevada with a mortgage had negative home equity, the worst in the country. Arizona, Florida, Michigan and California were next, with up to 50 percent of homeowners with mortgages in those states underwater. Oklahoma had the smallest percentage of underwater homeowners in the October-December quarter, at 5.8 percent. Only nine states recorded percentages less than 10 percent.
In addition to the more than 11 million households that are underwater, another 2.4 million homeowners are nearing that point. When a mortgage is underwater, the homeowner often can't qualify for mortgage refinancing and has little recourse but to continue making payments in hopes the property eventually regains its value.
The slide in home prices began stabilizing last year. But prices are expected to continue falling in many markets due to still-high levels of foreclosure and unemployment. That means homes purchased at the height of the real estate boom are unlikely to recover lost value for years. Underwater mortgages also dampen home sales. Homeowners who might otherwise sell their home refuse to take a loss or can't get the bank to agree to a short sale – when a lender lets a borrower sell their property for less than the amount owed on the mortgage.
Home sales have been weaker in areas where there are a large number of homeowners with negative equity. Many banks are also requiring homebuyers to put as much as 20 percent of a home's value as down payment and the Obama administration is pushing for a 10 percent down payment requirement on all conventional loans guaranteed by the ailing mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Few homeowners in states hit hard by foreclosures, including Colorado, Georgia and Nevada, have 20 percent or more equity in their homes. Higher down payments make it increasingly difficult for those people to sell their homes. The total amount of negative equity increased to $751 billion nationwide, up from $744 billion in the previous quarter.
AARP Sues U.S. Over Effects of Reverse Mortgages
by David Streitfeld - New York Times
Reverse mortgages, which pay older homeowners a regular sum against the equity in their house, are supposed to shield borrowers from economic upheaval. But the popular loans have become tangled up in the real estate collapse. AARP, the seniors’ organization, filed suit Tuesday against the Department of Housing and Urban Development, which regulates reverse mortgages. The suit asserts that policy changes by HUD are pushing older homeowners into foreclosure.
The case was filed in Federal District Court for the District of Columbia by the AARP Foundation, the organization’s charitable arm, and the law firm of Mehri & Skalet on behalf of the surviving spouses of three homeowners who had bought reverse mortgages. All three are facing eviction, the suit says. "HUD has illegally and without notice changed the rules in the middle of the game at the expense of vulnerable older people," said Jean Constantine-Davis, a senior lawyer at the AARP Foundation.
The lawsuit focuses on reverse mortgages where only one spouse signed the loan document. It argues that HUD shifted course in late 2008, making changes in its procedures so that surviving spouses who are not named on the mortgage must pay the full loan balance to keep the home, even if the property is worth less. Owners of traditional mortgages often are liable for the difference between the value of their house after foreclosure and their original loan. Reverse mortgages were intended to be nonrecourse, which means that even if the value of the property shrinks, the most the borrower can lose is the house itself.
It is unclear how many elderly homeowners are facing foreclosure for reasons related to the lawsuit, but Ms. Constantine-Davis said that hundreds and perhaps thousands of elderly people were in positions similar to those of the three plaintiffs.
Nearly a quarter of all homes with mortgages in the United States are worth less the loan. These so-called underwater properties are difficult to sell and impossible to refinance.
The suit accuses HUD of making policy changes that allow underwater homes with reverse mortgages to be sold to strangers in arm’s-length transactions for less than the full mortgage balance, but that require spouses or heirs in some cases to pay the full amount. Finally, the suit says HUD is ignoring its own provisions against displacing a surviving spouse. A HUD spokeswoman said the agency does not comment on pending litigation.
One plaintiff, Delores Jeanne Moore of Covington, Ind., was not on the reverse mortgage because her husband had owned the house before they married. He died in 2008. Under the new HUD rules, the suit says, if Mrs. Moore wants to keep the house, she must pay the balance of the loan, $91,000. But a third-party buyer could get the house for 95 percent of its appraised value, or about $81,000.
Mrs. Moore’s lender has been seeking to foreclose since August 2009. "When the housing market was constantly ticking upwards, these new provisions would not have mattered so much," Ms. Constantine-Davis said. "Now it’s a much bigger problem."
More than half a million people have received reverse mortgages since Congress authorized the program a quarter-century ago. Those who get the cash must be at least 62 and have substantial equity in their houses. Participants receive either a lump sum or monthly payments from lenders. After their death, the house is sold and the mortgage is paid off.
Robert Bennett, a 69-year-old retired cook at the United States Naval Academy, is also a plaintiff. Three years ago, he and his wife, Ophelia, replaced the traditional mortgage on their house in Annapolis, Md., with a reverse mortgage so they could make ends meet.
Lenders sometimes encourage only the elder member of a couple to put his or her name on the mortgage because then the payout is greater. Mr. Bennett said he did not realize that his new mortgage had taken his name off the title of the home, which the couple had owned together since 1981. Mrs. Bennett, who was a decade senior to her husband, died shortly after the new mortgage went into effect. The payments immediately stopped and the mortgage became due and payable.
The lender began foreclosure proceedings and scheduled a sale of the property last month. The new mortgage, intended to secure this couple’s future, instead helped destroy it. They paid $20,000 in fees but received only $1,800 in cash. Meanwhile, fees and interest continue to accumulate. The balance of the loan is now about $300,000, while the value of the property has fallen to about $200,000.
If HUD had not changed the rules, the suit says, Mr. Bennett would have been allowed to live in the house until his death. "It’s a miserable thing to be thinking you’re going to get kicked out after you’re living all this time and you’re retired," Mr. Bennett said in an interview. "If I thought a reverse mortgage was going to set me up in a situation like this, I never would have participated."
Divisions emerge on US foreclosure settlement
by Tom Braithwaite in Washington and Suzanne Kapner - Financial Times
Officials are divided over a $20bn "mega settlement" of the US foreclosure crisis, with some fighting a plan to force banks to cut outstanding debt on struggling homeowners’ mortgages, according to people involved with the inter-agency talks. The proposal is being considered as one of a package of measures to be imposed on the 14 biggest mortgage servicers for shoddy paperwork and other failures that forced foreclosures across the US to be halted last year. A total fine of up to $20bn on the biggest servicers, led by Bank of America and Wells Fargo, is being discussed.
Instead of the fine being paid into federal and state coffers officials are working on a plan that would use the pot of money to cover writedowns of mortgage principal. Writing down the principal balance has been mooted for two years as a high-impact tool to kick-start economic growth, given that millions of Americans owe more than their homes are worth. The Department of Justice, the Treasury, Federal Reserve, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and 50 state attorneys-general are just some of the officials weighing in, but there is no unanimity on how aggressive or prescriptive the settlement should be.
Some regulators have argued that only those directly harmed by wrongful foreclosures should receive restitution. One official also expressed disquiet about the size of fines being discussed, arguing it would reduce lending capacity and could be struck down in court. It has been widely assumed that banks will accept whatever terms are put to them to draw a line under the issue and avoid reigniting anger at the financial sector. But some officials are concerned that an outsized fine that cannot be justified by harm perpetrated on homeowners could be struck down in court.
On Thursday the attorneys-general sent banks a 27-page proposal for how foreclosures should be handled. The terms did not include fines, although those are likely to be included in a final settlement expected this month. The attorneys-general will begin face-to-face negotiations with the banks, none of which would comment, in the hopes of reaching a final settlement in the next few weeks. Their proposal has the backing of other government agencies such as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
"We only have the authority to change bank behaviour, assess civil monetary penalties and make whole those who have been harmed, not to invent social programmes," said a person familiar with the thinking of the hold-out regulators. Some administration officials are also concerned that pressing banks to write down the principal on mortgages could backfire, sparking new complaints of government interference. "This is America! How many of you people want to pay for your neighbours’ mortgage that has an extra bathroom and can’t pay their bills," he said.
Mortgage Settlement Term Sheet: Bailout as Reward for Institutionalized Fraud
by Yves Smith - Naked Capitalism
American Banker posted the 27 page term sheet presented by the 50 state attorneys general and Federal banking regulators to banks with major servicing operations.Whether they recognize it or not, this deal is a suicide pact for the attorneys general in states that are suffering serious economic damage as a result of the foreclosure crisis. Tom Miller, the Iowa attorney who is serving as lead negotiator for this travesty, is in a state whose unemployment was a mere 6.2% last December. In addition he is reportedly jockeying to become the first head of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. So the AGs who are in the firing line and need a tough deal have a leader whose interests are not aligned with theirs.
Moreover, Miller’s refusal to discuss even general parameters of a deal goes well beyond what is necessary. He knows that well warranted public demands that a deal be tough will complicate his job, but it also does the AGs whose citizens have been most damaged a huge disservice. Pressure on the banks from the public at large is a negotiating lever they need that Miller has chosen not to use.
The argument defenders of the deal make are twofold: this really is a good deal (hello?) and it’s as far as the Obama Administration is willing to push the banks, so we have to put a lot of lipstick on this pig and resign ourselves to political necessities. And the reason the Obama camp is trying to declare victory and go home is that it is afraid that any serious effort to deal with the mortgage mess will reveal the insolvency of the banks.
Team Obama has put on a full court press since March 2009 to present the banks as fundamentally sound, and to the extent they needed more dough, the stress tests and resulting capital raising took care of any remaining problems. Timothy Geithner was even doing victory laps last month in Europe. To reverse course now and expose the fact that writedowns on second mortgages held by the four biggest banks and plus the true cost of legal liabilities from the mortgage crisis (putbacks, servicer fraud, chain of title issues) would blow a big hole in the banks’ balance sheets and fatally undermine whatever credibility the officialdom still has.
But the fallacy of their thinking is that addressing and cleaning up this rot would lead to a financial crisis, therefore anything other than cosmetics and making life inconvenient for the banks around the margin is to be avoided at all costs. But these losses exist already. The fallacy lies in the authorities’ delusion that they are avoiding creating losses, when we are in fact talking about who should bear costs that already exist.
The example of Japan, confirmed by an IMF study of 124 banking crisis, shows that leaving a banking system full of overvalued dud assets ultimately costs more than the painful exercise of writedowns and renegotiation. And we may be well on our way to producing worse than Japan outcomes. Using super cheap credit to shore up prices of dud assets is producing all sorts of levered financial speculation. We know this movie ends always ends badly, and with the authorities already using all their firepower to keep asset prices aloft, they will have nothing left in reserve when things eventually unravel.
There is a an extremely aggressive push underway to get a deal inked. And it appears that the Federal banking regulators who are all co-opted by the industry (the only difference among them is how badly) have in turn succeeded in leashing and collaring the attorney generals’ effort. As we have discussed at length in previous posts (see here and here), the timetable guarantees that no meaningful investigations were done, particularly of what is called servicer driven fraud, meaning servicer impermissible charges and fee pyramiding. That leads a late payment or two to escalate into thousands of dollars of charges. Consider an example we discussed earlier, of a Michigan couple highlighted in Huffington Post:
The Garwoods had missed one payment, but this apparently was not unsalvageable; the husband’s roofing business was seasonal. Their servicer, JP Morgan Chase, contacted them and encouraged them to enroll in HAMP.The HAMP trial mod, which was supposed to last three months, instead ran nine months and lowered their payments by about $500 a month. When they were ultimately refused a permanent mod (despite hearing encouraging noises from the servicer in the meantime), they were presented with a bill for the reversal of the reduction, plus fees, of $12,000.
Stop a second and do the math. Let’s be unduly uncharitable to JP Morgan and assume "about $500? means $540. $540 x 9 is $4,860. That means the fees and charges were $7,140, or nearly $800 a month.
How can charges like that be legitimate? Answer: they almost assuredly aren’t. The payments were reduced as a result of a trial mod, so any late fees would be improper. Thus the only legitimate charges would be additional interest, perhaps at a penalty rate. So tell me how you have interest charges of nearly 400% on an annualized basis on the overdue amount and call them permissible? I guarantee there is not a shred of paperwork anywhere that can support this level of interest charge, either with the investor or with the borrower.
We have since learned of one way they could have been charged $800 for one of those months. When borrowers miss two payments, many servicing agreements require that the servicer get what is called a broker price opinion, which usually means the broker drives by the house and then provides an estimate of its sales price. The usual price of a BPO is $50 and it is supposed to be charged to the investors. Not only do servicers often double dip and charge the borrower too, but they greatly mark up the charge. Lisa Epstein told us of a borrower in Florida that was charged $800 for a single BPO. We’ve heard of $250 before, but apparently the sky is the limit if a fee is impermissible anyhow.Similarly, consider what happens if your payment is late (whether it was actually late or whether check was held to make it late). The contracts and Federal law require that payments be applied first to principal and interest. But when the bank charges a late fee of $75, it deducts it from the borrower’s payments in its payment record for the borrower. And because the payment is now short, rather than applying, say, $925 out of the borrower’s $1000 check to principal and interest, it instead puts it in a “suspension account.” So the borrower is now $1000 behind on his mortgage, and is charged interest on that $1000 shortfall. And the borrower has not been informed by the bank that he is behind, so his next month payment will have the additional fees charged to it, making it below the $1000, which will again allow the bank to add this $1000 less the interest and any other fees to the suspense account, and charge the borrower interest as if he were $2000 behind on his payments.
And the investor gets ripped off in this process too. Servicers are required to advance principal and interest to investors until the debt appears to be unrecoverable from the borrower. They are also not permitted to charge investors interest on these advances. You would think that would mean servicers would have some parameters for when they stopped making advances, since they are not required to beyond a certain point. But in the scenario above, they’d treat the $2000 payment as an advance, even though the bank has, say, $1800 in the suspension account. Since the borrower caught in servicer pyramiding fee hell is pretty certain never to emerge, those extra interest payments the bank is charging the borrower on his now $2000 shortfall will be deducted from the sale proceeds when the house is foreclosed upon and eventually sold.
If you think these practices are rare, consider: Fairbanks, a stand-alone servicer that focused on troubled mortgages, EMC/Bear Stearns, and Countrywide have all been found guilty of pyramiding. We don’t know who else might be engaged in these practices because the deliberate rush to enter into a deal means no investigation has been made. And since a single firm, Lender Processor Services, provides the servicing backbone to the entire industry, it seems highly unlikely that other large servicers do not engage in similar practices.
What about the claim made by John Walsh, that the Federal regulators, led by the OCC, investigated 2800 severely delinquent mortgages and found only a small number of servicing errors? Guess what, they could not possibly have looked into this issue. To verify what happened, they would have had to do a real forensic examination of the detailed payment records, including comparing it against the borrower’s payment records and the provisions of the pooling and servicing agreement. Attorney fighting foreclosures seldom go this route because it is such a tortuous exercise; the servicer records are cryptic and often have numerous adjustments; it almost without exception requires a forensic accountant to get to the bottom of things. Given an eight week timetable that included Thanksgiving and Christmas, it is a certainty that no borrower verification was made; in keeping, nothing in testimony by Walsh about the servicer examswould lead one to think that the records review probed the validity of the charges made to borrower accounts.
Now do you see why servicers consistently report than when homeowners miss a payment or two, they proceed pretty much in a straight line to default? Once they miss a payment or start racking up extra charges that you are unaware of, borrowers descend into a designed-by-the-servicer escalating fee black hole, never to emerge.
To the specifics of the plan. If you didn’t know any better, you might be fooled into thinking the terms were tough. It provides for more reporting by servicers to borrowers of where they stand, ends dual track (in which servicers negotiate mortgage mods while still moving ahead with foreclosures), provides for a single point of contact for borrowers who enter into mod discussion, and has an “affirmative obligation” for servicers to offer mods, including principal mods “in appropriate circumstances”.
Even if these measures were tough-minded and vigorously enforced (two irrelevant “ifs”), they are still deficient. We don’t even know the extent of servicer abuses, since we are conveniently moving very quickly to avoid any serious probe, but there is considerable evidence that suggests that a lot of foreclosures were servicer driven. So merely fixing practices going forward, is necessary but far from sufficient. What are the remedies for people who suffered in the past? Of course, it’s horrifically difficult for individuals to prove their case, which is why having state AGs act on their behalf is the best remedy we have. And if that is going to be waived, the trade needs to be that the public gets something punitive, not just prescriptive.
It seems far more sensible to go in the direction of having servicers bear the cost of a real mod program, which is what investors would much prefer to have happen. Or as Adam Levitin suggested, have the banks pay $20 billion to fund legal aid attorneys.
And if you are familiar with the sorry history of the servicing industry, you recognize these things: that much of the verbiage in this “settlement” merely recaps the existing obligations of servicers under the law and their contracts, along with commitments they’ve made previously to investors and regulators and failed to adhere to. For instance, on page two: “Affidavits and sworn statements shall not contain info that is false or unsubstantiated.” Um, we have to have a settlement agreement to get the banks to agree obey the law? Similarly,”Servicer shall not impose its own mark ups on any third party charges.” Servicers were never “allowed” to charge excess fees, which are ultimately borne by investors. Stephanie at FedUpUSA, who looks to be a MBS investor, began a detailed shred of the agreement with this overview:
The entire document is a rehash of what servicers had a legal mandate to do right up front. Accurately apply payments. Respond to inquiries. Operate in good faith. Use a NPV test for HAMP (was in the HAMP program originally.) Document the assignment chain before foreclosing.There’s exactly one substantive change, in that HAMP did not prohibit "dual-track" (that is, foreclosure while attempting modification.)
Essentially every other item in this 27 pages is something that Servicers already had a legal duty to do, either as a fiduciary to the investor or just through the ordinary covenant of operating in good faith (You know, the original standards that all businesses are held to that aren’t actually racketeering outfits and gangsters? Yes, that.)
There is actually one other new requirement which is single point of contact, meaning that one individual will be responsible for handling the loss mitigation process. This is something borrowers have wanted due to the utter incompetence of banks in handling borrower inquiries (see this not at all unusual horror story from Dana Milbank).But the only place in banking you get that level of service, one person tasked to your needs, in retail banking is in private banking or near-private banking high net worth product groups. Trying to remedy lousy servicer record-keeping in a call center environment, which suffers from chronic high turnover, is simply unworkable.
There is an elephant in the room that this wrongheaded program fails to acknowledge: servicing large numbers of distressed borrowers is a huge money loser for any servicer. As a result, they have huge economic incentives to find some way to offset those expenses, i.e., cheat. This proposed settlement ignores the fact that the servicers do not generate enough income from their normal fees to pay for decent quality servicing, let alone the some arguably enhanced settlement imposes (more papering up of processes for third party review; providing a single point of contact for borrowers, which is not all that easy to implement in a call center environment).
The poster child of this conundrum was Fairbanks, a servicer which had acquired portfolios with high levels of delinquent loans and was soon sued for a whole range of abusive servicing practices. Both HUD and the FTC opened investigations which led to a settlement that included replacing the management team. Tom Adams was on the buy side at the time. His comments:
We also had heightened sensitivity to “predatory servicing” following the FTC settlement and these issues were an important part of our servicer diligence. Following the settlement servicers took great pains to highlight how their practices were distinguished from Fairbanks. Of particular importance was the economic distinction – Fairbanks was a stand alone servicer of distressed loans. They needed to grow their portfolio in order to break even (it was a variation on a Ponzi scheme, because as the portfolio aged it became more expensive to service). Other servicers had better economics because they could subsidize their subprime loans with low servicing cost prime loans or because they invested in the deal residuals (which would be worth more if the servicer was successful in reducing losses). Some servicers, such as Litton, pointed out that servicing was not a profitable business on a stand alone basis.Now all servicers are in the position Fairbanks was in – large distressed portfolios which aren’t profitable just from the servicing fees, which pushes them to seek junk fees. Following the Fairbanks settlement, the economy appeared to be in good shape, servicers gave the illusion of being profitable, or sufficiently subsidized. Large servicers such as Countrywide or Wells Fargo, bragged about gaining significant efficiencies from having large portfolios, which helped them reduce servicing costs. All of that went away when large numbers of borrowers became delinquent. Servicing delinquent and distressed loans is vastly more expensive than servicing a current portfolio, but the fee remains the same for both, typically.
The problem is that the servicers, who ironically like to portray delinquent borrowers as deadbeats, are themselves deadbeats. Their expenses are chronically higher than their incomes, even with providing service that falls well short of their legal and contractual obligations. Unlike most strained homeowners, however, they have a way to fill the gap: large scale, institutionalized theft from both borrowers and investors (this post has focused on borrower abuses, but there is plenty of litigation on the investor side against servicers for improper fees and charges). So if this settlement does result in even a modest improvement in servicer standards on the borrower side, they’ll simply have to get more creative in how they rip off investors.Josh Rosner, in an analysis for clients (no online source), argues that if a private sector attorney negotiated a deal like this, he’d be at risk of being sued for malpractice (emphasis his):
This "term sheet" may well tie the hands of states from bringing actions against prior improper servicing and back-end/foreclosure practices AS WELL AS improper front-end or assignment practices….If a private-sector lawyer, representing any harmed party, settled for damages without an investigation of actual damages they would likely be exposing themselves to malpractice, why would that not be the case here?
In other words, this is simply another example of how the too big to fail banks are chipping away at the rule of law. The banks have over time have fought successfully to reduce the influence of state laws and regulations on their business while increasingly bending the Federal regulatory apparatus to their will. But the state AGs are still enough of a force to be reckoned with that the Federal bank regulators are now applying considerable to pressure them into abandoning initiatives that could help homeowners in their states. Hopefully at least a few of these AGs will wake up and have the self-preservation instincts to realize that this settlement is not in their or their constituents’ best interests.And since the state attorneys general are under a lot of pressure to do the wrong thing, I strongly urge readers to call their state AG and say that you oppose this bailout in disguise. Demand real investigations, including servicing software audits, as a necessary step before any settlement. You can find their phone numbers here
Bank Chief Rejects Idea Of Reducing Home Loans
by Nelson D. Schwartz - New York Times
Showing resistance for the first time against government pressure to write off tens of billions worth of mortgage debt, Bank of America executives said on Tuesday that the idea was unworkable and warned that it would be unfair to borrowers who had managed to stay current on their loans. "There’s a core problem that if you start to help certain people and don’t help other people, it’s going to be very hard to explain the difference," said Brian T. Moynihan, the chief executive of Bank of America. "Our duty is to have a fair modification process."
All 50 state attorneys general, as well as a host of federal agencies, are pushing for a settlement over investigations into foreclosure abuses by major mortgage servicers that could cost the industry $20 billion or more. Much of that money would be earmarked to reduce principal owed by homeowners facing foreclosure.
But picking just who to help is among the thorniest questions facing government regulators, as well as the banks themselves. Even the most outspoken attorney general on the issue, Tom Miller of Iowa, acknowledged on Monday that too generous a program might encourage homeowners to walk away from properties where the value of the loan exceeded how much the underlying property was worth.
Indeed, industry experts estimate that nearly a trillion dollars worth of mortgage debt is "underwater," a result of house prices having fallen since the original loans were made. Federal officials hope a settlement with the servicers will help individual borrowers and provide a cushion for the weak housing market. Officials of Bank of America, the nation’s biggest mortgage servicer, argue that any effort to help troubled borrowers should not penalize borrowers who are underwater but have managed to make their monthly payments.
"There may be as much as $1 trillion worth of mortgages that are underwater," said Terry Laughlin, the Bank of America executive whose unit, Legacy Asset Servicing, handles mortgages that are delinquent or in default. "What do you do for those borrowers that have a job but have negative equity and have paid on time and honored their obligations?" "This is an unsolvable question," he said. "It’s a very slippery slope."
The comments by Mr. Moynihan and Mr. Laughlin came at a daylong meeting with investors and analysts in New York, the first of its kind for Bank of America since 2007. Despite fierce criticism by regulators and political leaders that its efforts to help troubled borrowers have fallen short, Bank of America executives insist that the number of successful modifications the bank has completed is on the rise. The bank says more than 800,000 mortgages have been modified in the last three years.
Writing down billions of principal now could actually retard the recovery by encouraging borrowers to default, they argue. "It’s not that we don’t want to help troubled borrowers," Mr. Laughlin said. "It’s a moral hazard issue."
Late last week, the attorneys general presented the five biggest mortgage servicers, including Bank of America, with a 27-page proposal that would drastically reshape how they deal with homeowners facing foreclosure. It did not include a specific dollar figure, but government officials say they want to combine any overhaul of the foreclosure process with a monetary settlement that could finance more modifications for troubled borrowers.
The existing modification program created by the Obama administration, known as HAMP, has helped far fewer borrowers than originally promised. It also faces fierce opposition from Republicans in the House of Representatives, who voted last week to kill the program. Mr. Moynihan believes investors who hold trillions in mortgage securities have to be involved in any settlement. It is not exactly clear what role they would play as part of the settlement with the federal government.
Officials at Bank of America, as well as other large servicers, declined to comment on the specifics of the 27-page proposal, and the industry has been cautious about fighting back too aggressively, mindful of the tales of robo-signing and other abuses that prompted the investigation by the attorneys general and federal regulators last fall.
What’s more, consumers and politicians are keenly aware that Bank of America and other financial giants have staged a remarkable turnaround since the government bailed out the industry after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008. "I think reasonable minds will prevail on this," Mr. Moynihan said. "We do push back and we get to reasonableness."
Still, the comments at Tuesday’s investor meeting are a preview of the arguments the industry is poised to make more forcefully in the weeks ahead as it negotiates with the attorneys general and other regulators behind closed doors. On Monday, Mr. Miller said he hoped a settlement could be reached within two months.
As the huge volume of loan losses recedes and the economy improves, Mr. Moynihan said his company had the power to earn $35 billion to $40 billion a year. Bank of America lost $2.2 billion in 2010, weighed down by special charges and the lingering effects of the housing bust and the recession on consumers. He also reiterated his position that the long wave of acquisitions undertaken by his predecessors was over. "I can’t stress enough to you how much of a peace dividend we’ll get without mergers," Mr. Moynihan said. "That peace dividend is effectively a permanent dividend." The bank intends to resume payouts to shareholders in the second half of 2011.
BofA Segregates Almost Half of its Mortgages Into 'Bad Bank'
by Dawn Kopecki - Bloomberg
Bank of America Corp., the biggest U.S. lender by assets, is segregating almost half its 13.9 million mortgages into a "bad" bank comprised of its riskiest and worst-performing "legacy" loans, said Terry Laughlin, who is running the new unit.
"We are creating a classic good bank, bad bank structure," Laughlin told investors at a meeting in New York today. He was promoted last month to manage the costs of resolving disputes stemming from the company’s 2008 purchase of Countrywide Financial Corp. "We’re going to get after this, we’re going to do it the right way and we’re going to put it to bed in the next 36 months," he said.
The legacy portfolio will hold 6.7 million loans with outstanding principal balance of about $1 trillion, according to a presentation to investors today. The split leaves home loan President Barbara Desoer with about half her previous portfolio, as well as new lending going forward.
Laughlin’s portfolio will include loans that are currently 60 or more days delinquent as well as riskier types of loans the bank no longer originates, such as subprime, Alt-A, interest- only and option adjustable-rate mortgages, he said. He said the portfolios will be completely split by March 31 and that his will be liquidated over time. Of the 13.9 million loans Bank of America services, about 3.5 million are held by the company on its balance sheet. The rest are owned by other investors.
"It’s a way to get investors focus on the good," said Paul Miller, a former examiner with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia and analyst at FBR Capital Markets in Arlington, Virginia. "It’s a way to talk about good things and ignore the bad."
JPMorgan, Wells Fargo
Laughlin’s portfolio includes loans the company originated in addition to Countrywide mortgages. That differs from practices at JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Wells Fargo & Co., whose legacy books include only loans they acquired through their respective purchases of Washington Mutual and Wachovia.
"Many of the assets that are coming over into the legacy asset-servicing portfolio are delinquent or are expected to go delinquent over the next three years," Laughlin said. "As borrowers default, we’ll evaluate them for a loan modification." Laughlin is also responsible for overseeing foreclosure processes as well as negotiations with investor groups that are demanding the bank buy back faulty loans.
State Probes
State and federal law enforcement agencies are pushing lenders to cut outstanding loan balances as part of a proposed settlement they hope to reach with banks over their mortgage- servicing and foreclosure practices.
State attorneys general and federal agencies sent a 27-page settlement proposal last week to Bank of America, Wells Fargo, JPMorgan, Ally Financial Inc. and Citigroup Inc., the five largest mortgage services, which process 59 percent of all U.S. home loans. Iowa Attorney General Tom Miller said regulators and law enforcement agencies want an agreement that leads to more loan modifications for struggling homeowners.
Laughlin said regulators have reviewed the bank’s foreclosure processes and "no findings came out of those exams that basically said the foreclosure process was fundamentally flawed." He said the bank was instituting a standardized affidavit form and providing better oversight of third-party attorneys and vendors. "Certainly there’s always room for improvement in process," he said.
Bondholder Group
Bank of America may face "material fines" from government probes into possible irregularities in foreclosure processes, it said in its annual earnings report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Feb. 25. The firm also said that a bondholder group including Pacific Investment Management Co. has almost doubled the number of mortgage deals on which it’s challenging the bank.
Bank of America set aside about $3 billion late last year to settle certain demands from U.S.-controlled mortgage buyers Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The bank said other claims on so- called private label mortgages could cost an additional $7 billion to $10 billion.
Republicans Seek to Slow Agency’s Work on Derivatives Regulation
by Ben Protess - New York Times
Federal regulators are running out of time to write hundreds of new rules for Wall Street. Yet Republican lawmakers — and even some regulators — want to slow the pace.
Representative Scott Garrett of New Jersey is the latest prominent Republican to rebuke the speed at which the Commodity Futures Trading Commission is writing rules. In a letter dated March 3 to the agency chairman, Gary Gensler, Mr. Garrett complained that a "rapid pace" prevented the financial industry from fully digesting proposed rules for derivatives trading.
Mr. Garrett, chairman of the House Financial Services Committee’s capital markets panel, contended that there "seems to be no order in which the rules are proposed." He cited, for example, the commission’s move to set standards for derivatives dealers before defining which banks and firms would qualify as dealers. Republicans are threatening repercussions for regulators that ignore their concerns.
The Republican-led House of Representatives passed a federal spending plan in February that would cut the commission’s $168 million funding by a third. Mr. Gensler, a Democrat, has already drafted more than 50 derivatives regulations on the shoestring budget.
Mr. Gensler is facing a July 21 deadline to finalize most of the rules, including proposals that would require derivatives deals to be traded on regulated exchanges. The rules — and the deadline — are mandated by the Dodd-Frank financial regulatory law.
Mr. Garrett’s letter, obtained by DealBook, posed several questions for Mr. Gensler, including whether the regulator was "concerned that this pattern of rule-making, coupled with its unsustainable pace, is depriving the public of the opportunity to provide meaningful comment on the C.F.T.C.’s proposals?"
The public typically has 60 days to comment on commission proposals before the agency finalizes rules. That period is insufficient, some Republicans say, because proposals can run more than 100 pages.
The agency, however, has extended the comment period for most rules and has held more than 500 meetings about Dodd-Frank with Wall Street lobbyists, financial executives and consumer advocates. The agency has also postponed some votes on contentious proposals, including a plan to set trading limits on corn, wheat and other agriculture products.
The proposals are unlikely to please Republicans, no matter how long they circulate. Dodd-Frank was passed along party lines in 2010, when Democrats controlled the House. Republicans have been especially critical of the law’s aim to crackdown on derivatives, a major Wall Street profit center. Mr. Garrett’s letter chided the commission for proposing rules that would prevent a bank or financial firm from owning more than 20 percent of any one derivatives clearinghouse.
Mr. Gensler has warned that delaying the rules could generate uncertainty in the derivatives industry — and turmoil in the markets. "I think this is an appropriate goal on Congress’ part and I think it’s a doable goal for the C.F.T.C," he said in an interview.
Mr. Gensler’s Republican colleagues disagree. "The aggressive deadlines Congress gave us for promulgating the Dodd-Frank rules has put regulators and market participants in the difficult position of processing a massive amount of highly complex information in a brief period of time," Jill Sommers, a Republican who sits on the commission, said in a address to the Institute of International Bankers on Monday. She warned that confusion over the rules could force "a mass exodus from the markets due to an inability to comply with unrealistic deadlines."
Scott O’Malia, another Republican commissioner, said at a recent commission hearing that he was "concerned that we are moving at a pace that makes it very difficult, if not impossible, for the public to dig out of that mountain of paper and piece together all of these new requirements in a meaningful way." Debating the agency’s rule-writing pace could soon become moot if Congress cuts its funding, leaving it unable to enforce Dodd-Frank. The rule-writing process "will mean nothing, squat, diddly, if we don’t get the resources to do the job," Bart Chilton, a Democrat on the commission, said at the recent hearing.
Bill Gross: Tax The Wealthy And Corporations A Lot More
by Aaron Task - Tech Ticker
Add PIMCO founder Bill Gross to the list of wealthy Americans who think they aren't being taxed enough, already. "Of course we should" pay higher taxes, Gross says. "Higher income groups have enjoyed an enormous privilege ever since the Reagan tax cuts...and actually ever since Kennedy began the process back in the ‘60s."
Gross admits it's difficult to know what constitutes "wealthy" in America or what federal income tax rate serves as a disincentive to those at the top of the food chain. "But I don't think it's 36%," he says. "I think high-income earners would work well into the 50% tax rate. That would certainly help balance the books going forward." In addition to tax hikes on the wealthy, "let's raise corporate taxes too," the famed bond fund manager says, a view that runs in direct opposition to the current discussions in Washington.
"Corporations complain and complain and complain and have got the Obama administration suggesting there should be some corporate tax reform," Gross notes. But at just 1% of GDP, corporate taxes are "historically low." Gross goes on to accuse corporations of "holding governments basically hostage" by threatening to move to another state, or country, if taxes go up. "That's faulty logic and should be tested by politicians going forward. "
Oil markets brace for Saudi 'rage' as global spare capacity wears thin
by Ambrose Evans-Pritchard - Telegraph
Those exhorting OPEC to boost output should be careful what they wish for. The cartel card can be played once only, and it risks exposing the fragility of the global energy system if the Gulf powers are seen struggling to deliver.
Goldman Sachs suspects that OPEC has been pumping far above its agreed quota since November and therefore cannot easily raise output much without cutting deep into global spare capacity. Jeff Currie, the bank's oil guru, said Saudi output had quietly crept up by 700,000 barrels a day (bpd) even before the Libyan supply shock. Assumptions that OPEC has added 1.9m bpd over the last two years are wishful thinking. These new fields have been "largely offset" by attrition in old fields. "We believe that OPEC spare capacity has already dropped below 2m bpd. The question therefore arises how much spare capacity is left to absorb potential supply disruptions in other countries," he said.
If this picture is broadly correct, spare capacity is already close to the wafer-thin levels that led to wild price moves in mid-2008. The flow of Libyan oil has so far fallen by 1m bpd. This may not sound much against global supply of 88m, but oil prices are determined by levels of spare capacity once supply tightens. Beyond a certain point, the price spiral can kick in with explosive force until the economic damage crushes demand.
Libya's conflict has already cut spare capacity by a third. Hopes for a quick solution are fading as the country succumbs to civil war along ancient lines of tribal cleavage. A raft of new projects planned for the Sirte Basin by mid-decade will be mothballed. Chris Skrebowski, editor of Petroleum Review, said the long-denied oil crunch is starting to bite. "We cling to the comfort blanket that spare capacity exists, but it is mostly fictional, or inoperable. If you take 2m bpd off the figure, the whole dynamic of global oil supply changes," he said.
A Wikileaks cable cited a Saudi geologist claiming that the kingdom's reserves had been overstated by 40pc. A second cable questioned whether the Saudis "any longer have the power to drive prices down for a prolonged period". Some investors see trouble. They are buying oil options contracts for $150 and $200 a barrel with expiry dates late this year, either as a bet or as an insurance against Mid-East mayhem. Barclays Capital said the options "call skew" is more stretched now that it was during the 2008 spike.
The implication is that markets are less sure this time that the crisis will blow over quickly, perhaps because the events the last month amount a strategic rupture. The entire political order of the Middle East has effectively disintegrated, risking of years upheaval in a region that provides 36pc of global oil supply and holds 61pc of proven reserves. Mass protest by Bahrain's Shi'ite majority against the ruling Sunni dynasty has been a rude awakening for investors who thought oil wealth would shield the Gulf against turmoil. "We in the West have been listening to the wrong people," said Mr Skrebowski. "We have not been talking to the young: we missed what was happening underneath."
Bahrain sits at the epicentre of the world's energy system. It is a hop to Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, home to an equally aggrieved Shi'ite population and the kingdom's giant oil fields. Bahrain's Al Khalifa family has sought to defuse the island's crisis since the original crack-down, when seven people died. Yet protesters have refused to drift away, digging in at the financial hub and staging rallies outside the interior ministry. Sectarian violence between Sunni and Shia has been escalating.
What happens on the tiny island is being watched with alarm across the Gulf. The "demonstration effect" has already led to Shia protests in the Saudi oil region. Saudi police have released a Shia cleric arrested last week for demanding a constitutional monarchy. Yet the country's Wahabi clerics also warned against "sedition" and violations of Islamic law, while the interior ministry said all rallies were banned and warned that police would use "all measures to prevent any attempt to disrupt public order."
The threats aim to quash a "Day or Rage" planned by cyber-protesters for Friday, allegedy swollen to 17,000. A similar event in Syria was nipped in the bud by secret police. The world's economic fate now hangs on the success of Wahabi repression. Any sign that the Saudis are losing their grip risks an oil shock large enough to derail the global recovery.
Nobody knows where the "inflexion point" is. Bank of America says we are already in the danger zone since energy costs as a share of global GDP have reached 8.5pc, near historic peaks. Deutsche Bank said the outcome differs depending on whether spikes are driven by booming demand or a supply crunch. It warns that a sudden jump to $150 will abort world recovery.
Former Fed chief Alan Greenspan said economists have been "bedevilled by over the years" trying to quantity the effect of oil shocks. "We don't know fully where all the channels are. My view is that when oil prices get up to this area and start to move up even higher, you do have to start to worry."
Middle East unrest puts oil on a slippery slope
by Rowena Mason - Telegraph
It seems a little callous when watching violence and death unfold in the Middle East for so much concern to be paid to the oil market. However, no one should underestimate the possible consequences of a rocketing oil price given the strong correlation between spikes and recessions.
A growing number of experts and policy-makers, including Chris Huhne, the Energy Secretary, have this week been warning of the real possibility of an "oil shock" that could have deep effects on economic recovery – potentially plunging the world back into financial hardship. Dragan Trajkov, oil and gas analyst at Renaissance Capital, points out that there have been only two occasions in the past 40 years – in 1980 and 2008 – when global oil costs were above 5pc of global GDP. Both times this resulted in a severe economic crisis and a consequent severe drop in oil demand leading to an oil price crash, he points out.
"If the oil price reaches $120 per barrel, oil revenues as a percentage of global GDP will reach levels equivalent to those in 1980 and there is no reason to believe the impact on the economy would be any different than in 1980 or 2008," he says.
So just how worried should ordinary people be about the consequences of lower oil production from the Middle East? The reality is that Libya is a relatively small producer, pumping just 2pc of the world’s supply, compared with Saudi Arabia’s 11pc contribution. But still, oil nearly reached $120 per barrel this week and has since been swinging wildly up and down the teens, closing the week at around $116 per barrel.
There seem to be two key factors causing the volatility. Firstly, there is uncertainty over whether the fighting in Libya will progress to full-blown civil war and cause lasting damage to oil infrastructure. Secondly, there is the fear over whether unrest will spread to Saudi Arabia and beyond.
Dealing with the first point, analysts from Bank of America Merrill Lynch believe the missing 1m barrels from Libya alone could cause "the eighth largest supply shock since 1950". Libya is so important because of the quality of oil it produces. The main concern for Europe is that its refineries – which turn the raw material of crude into petrol products – need light, sweet oil to turn it into transport fuels. Libya is one of its key suppliers. Although Saudi Arabia has increased its output by around 700,000 to 900,000 barrels per day, its oil is heavier and not a good replacement.
Some people also doubt whether Saudi Arabia really has the spare production capacity it claims to have. Commerzbank analysts say: "It is questionable whether Saudi Arabia can deliver this oil. According to consulting firm Oil Movement, OPEC shipments are set to fall by as much as 300,000 barrels a day in the four weeks up to March 12. This is hardly likely to calm markets and should help to push prices up further."
There is also the question over how quickly Libya might be able to resume production after the unrest. At the moment, most infrastructure is undamaged. But if there is widescale bombing by the Libyan army or military strikes from international forces, it could take longer for production to resume. "We see the market as likely to continue to trade at a heated level, with an abundance of volatility," says James Zhang of Standard Bank. "Besides the level of supply loss from Libya, the duration of the disruption is equally if not more important. For now, the level of the production loss is set to increase, as does the duration — which poses further upside risks to oil prices."
The consequences of unrest spreading to Saudi Arabia are even more concerning. Political analysts believe this is unlikely, but reports of tanks crossing the border with Bahrain sent the Saudi stock exchange into free fall this week. Even if there is no uprising in its own backyard, the country could still get drawn into other conflicts. Andrew Horstead, risk analyst at Utilyx, points out that Saudi Arabia is not the only risk. "With the Middle East holding 60pc of the world’s oil reserves, and with unrest already reported in Iraq, Iran, Oman and Yemen, the possibility of further supply disruptions is a very real threat," he says.
"The real danger here is prolonged civil unrest and disruption to supplies. These factors combined with a substantial run-up in global demand and soaring oil prices could risk seriously destabilising the economic recovery." Even if more nascent protests are quashed for now, confidence in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Libya and their neighbours as "benign dictatorships" and stable investment partners has been shaken. As Fatih Birol, the IEA’s chief economist, has warned, investments in fresh fields across the Middle East "may be deferred for years. The age of cheap oil is over."
Prices are jumping, and the cotton is high
Cotton prices are already at an all-time high, having risen by more than 45pc this year. Last week they advanced the most in three months, as farmers say the US is experiencing dry conditions in the south. There are also fears of a strong La Niña. A report from Rabobank suggested forcibly limiting demand. "Export commitments out of the US continue at record pace and due to the razor-thin expected stocks, demand must be rationed as there is not enough cotton," it said.
Rubber slides but tyre makers warn of spike to come
Rubber prices crashed 15pc in a week this month, but producers are still warning that prices are about to go up on poor harvests. The raw material derived from trees, which goes into everything from tyres to gloves, is expected to soar because demand will to outpace supply for a second year. Rubber prices are already four times higher than they were in the recession two years ago and Goldman Sachs points out that stockpiles are now at their lowest level in a decade. Tyre makers from Bridgestone to Michelin are warning that their prices will have to go up by 15pc, mostly because of heavy rain in Thailand and neighbouring countries that supply nearly 70pc of the commodity.
China Reports Unexpected Trade Deficit as Export Growth Cools
by Zheng Lifei - Bloomberg
China reported an unexpected $7.3 billion trade deficit, the biggest in seven years, buttressing the government’s case against U.S. arguments for faster gains in the yuan. Exports rose 2.4 percent in February from a year before, the least since 2009 as Lunar New Year holidays disrupted shipments, and imports climbed 19.4 percent, customs bureau data showed today. Central bank adviser Li Daokui said that the full- year trade surplus will shrink from the 2010 level.
Yuan forwards dropped after today’s release as investors pared bets on the appreciation of China’s currency against the dollar. Premier Wen Jiabao aims to spark domestic demand and reduce the role of exports in the economy through wage increases, rather than the exchange-rate gains sought by the Obama administration. "Today’s data will help Wen to defend China’s yuan policy during the press conference that will close the annual meeting on the National People’s Congress in Beijing," said Liu Li-Gang, an economist at Australia & New Zealand Banking Group in Hong Kong who formerly worked for the World Bank. Wen’s briefing is on March 14.
Non-deliverable forwards were at 6.4265 per dollar as of 1:59 p.m. in Hong Kong, after trading at 6.4170 before the data were released. That level indicates the currency may gain about 2.3 percent in the next 12 months. The Shanghai Composite Index slid 1.1 percent as of 2:08 p.m. local time as rising oil prices added to concern that inflation pressures may be increasing in the fastest-growing major economy.
Today’s number compared with a $6.5 billion surplus in January. The median estimate in a Bloomberg News survey of 21 economists was for a $4.9 billion excess of exports over imports in February. "I think this is probably the end of the currency wars," Tim Condon, Singapore-based head of Asia research with ING Groep NV, told Bloomberg Television. He said the deficit was "a move everyone wants to see" and addressed key concerns of the Group of 20 nations relating to economic imbalances.
Brazil Finance Minister Guido Mantega popularized the term "currency war" last year to describe nations securing export advantages by suppressing the values of their currencies.
Boosting Consumption Speaking in Beijing, Li, the central bank adviser, said the annual surplus may slide to $150 billion this year, from $183 billion in 2010 and the record $295 billion in 2008. Chinese officials this week affirmed policies to boost domestic consumption, including raising minimum wages an average of 13 percent a year in the five-year plan running through 2015.
The swing in February to a trade deficit may aid central bank officials working to prevent an excess of cash in the financial system from worsening inflation that has already breached the government’s 4 percent target for 2011. Pressure for more increases in banks’ reserve requirements may ease, Bank of America-Merrill Lynch said in a note. Economists combine Chinese data for the first two months of the year to eliminate distortions caused by the annual holiday. On that basis, the nation had a deficit of about $890 million, compared with a surplus of about $22 billion a year earlier.
Higher costs for imports of commodities played a role. The average price for the nation’s 120 million tons of iron ore imports over the first two months was $154.3 per ton, 63 percent more than a year earlier, the customs bureau said. Oil and soy- beans costs also jumped.
Oil Costs
Bank of America-Merrill Lynch estimates that each $1 increase in oil prices per barrel may cut China’s annual trade surplus by $1.9 billion. Oil climbed today in New York as violence in Libya renewed concern that supplies are under threat. Chinese officials have used press briefings at the annual meeting of the legislature in Beijing as a forum for defending policies relating to the nation’s currency, described as "substantially undervalued" by U.S. officials including Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner.
The presence of finance chiefs from the Group of 20 in Nanjing, China, on March 31 to discuss overhauling the global monetary system may again put a focus on the yuan’s value and expanding international role. Lenovo Group Ltd., China’s biggest maker of personal computers, sees a stronger currency as likely to boost domestic consumption, Chief Executive Officer Yang Yuanqing said in Beijing on March 8. At the same time, gains should be neither too fast nor too sudden, he said.
The median forecast of economists in a Bloomberg News survey was for a 27 percent increase in February exports from a year earlier and a 33 percent gain in imports. Outbound shipments rose 38 percent in January, while imports surged 51 percent. The nation last posted a trade deficit, of $7.2 billion, in March 2010.
China at 60% Risk of Banking Crisis, Fitch Gauge Signals
by Kevin Hamlin - Bloomberg
China faces a 60 percent risk of a banking crisis by mid-2013 in the aftermath of record lending and surging property prices, according to a Fitch Ratings gauge. Fitch sees the risk of "holes in bank balance sheets" should a property bubble burst, Richard Fox, a London-based senior director, said in a phone interview on March 4. The risk assessment is from a macro-prudential monitor used by the ratings company.
Chinese banks fueled record property-price gains by extending a record 17.5 trillion yuan ($2.7 trillion) of loans over 2009 and 2010 under the stimulus program that propelled the nation through the financial crisis. Regulators’ efforts to contain the risks for lenders have included stress tests for declines in house prices and a crackdown on lending to local- government financing vehicles.
China’s risk of a systemic crisis is based on the nation’s MPI3 classification, the highest of three risk categories, in a Fitch monitor begun in 2005. The indicator signaled crises in Iceland and Ireland and has been tested back to the 1980s, Fox said. In contrast with Fitch’s concern, the Hang Seng Finance Index, which includes five Chinese banks traded in Hong Kong, advanced 1.5 percent as of 3:34 p.m. local time.
Depleted Capital
Fitch follows an International Monetary Fund definition of a systemic financial crisis, Fox said. Such crises exhaust "all or most of the aggregate banking system capital," cause a "large number of defaults" and "financial institutions and corporations face great difficulties repaying contracts on time," according to a November 2008 IMF working paper. "We’re talking about systemic crises here, affecting most of the major banks," Fox said. "A crisis is something which technically de-capitalizes the banking system."
Sixty percent of emerging-market countries downgraded to MPI3 face banking crises within three years, he said. China entered that classification in June. The indicator’s failures have included not sounding an alarm about the banking system in Spain, he added. Banking systems in emerging markets are vulnerable to systemic stress when credit growth exceeds 15 percent annually over two years with real property prices rising more than 5 percent, according to Fitch.
Wen’s Pledge
Credit growth in China averaged 18.6 percent annually over 2008 and 2009 as house prices jumped, according to the ratings company. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao pledged more efforts to cool the property market on March 5, telling lawmakers that "exorbitant" increases in housing prices in some cities are a top public concern. The fallout from China’s lending spree may be bad loans totaling $400 billion, according to Hong Kong-based advisory firm Asianomics Ltd.
China is seeking to avoid a repeat of its last banking crisis, when the government spent more than $650 billion over a decade to bail out banks after years of state-directed lending. Fitch’s concern contrasts with gains in banks’ profits and capital adequacy ratios and declines in non-performing loan ratios, according to data released by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. The industry’s "capitalization has been noticeably strengthened throughout 2010, with capital ratios of major banks being well supportive of their standalone credit profiles," Liao Qiang, a director of financial institutions ratings for Standard and Poor’s in Beijing said today.
‘Strong Liquidity’
"With reasonable loan loss reserves at present, good pre- provisioning profitability and strong liquidity, Chinese banks are likely to gradually absorb potential spikes in credit costs caused by looming bad loans, particularly from China’s property sector and local government financing platforms," Qiang said. Chinese banks listed in Hong Kong will likely report "strong" 2010 earnings when they report at the end of the month, BNP Paribas SA said in a report today.
In November, Moody’s Investors Service said that it had "concerns over the intrinsic, stand-alone strength of China’s banking system." At the same time, the largest lenders weren’t materially damaged by the global financial crisis and aren’t likely to pose any significant contingent liability risk to the government balance sheet, the ratings company said.
"Furthermore, we expect that future credit losses -- arising from the surge in lending in 2009, from exposures to the property market, from risky loans to local government financing vehicles, and from off-balance sheet operations in the ‘shadow’ banking system -- will be mostly absorbed by the banks themselves, either from capital, or from future earnings," Moody’s said in a statement.
To limit risks for banks, China has increased oversight of lending to the local-government vehicles, which surged during the nation’s two-year stimulus program. In a March 5 speech to lawmakers, Wen pledged a "comprehensive audit" of local- government debt, while the Ministry of Finance said separately that "local governments face debt risks that can’t be overlooked." Banks have also been told to assign a higher risk rating to local-government loans.
The country’s "systemically important" lenders may be subject to an overall capital adequacy ratio of as high as 14 percent when their credit growth is judged excessive, a person with knowledge of the matter said on Jan. 28. Other lenders would need to meet a 13 percent threshold, the person said. The minimum ratio, used to gauge banks’ ability to withstand financial stress, is currently 11.5 percent for big banks. Lenders including China Minsheng Banking Corp. and Agricultural Bank of China Ltd. have announced plans to sell more than 80 billion yuan ($12 billion) of shares and 70 billion yuan of subordinated bonds this year.
Moody's cuts Spain's rating, warns of further cuts
by Eric Burroughs - Reuters
Ratings agency Moody's slashed Spain's sovereign credit rating by a notch to Aa2 on Thursday and warned of further cuts, saying that the country's plans to clean up the battered banking sector will cost more than government expects and add to its debt burden.
Moody's Investors Service also said it had ongoing worries about the Spanish government's ability to achieve structural improvement in its finances, especially against a backdrop of moderate economic growth in the near- to medium-term. A negative outlook reflects concerns that Spain's government finances "remain skewed to the downside," the ratings agency said.
Food prices rising 3-4 times faster in Britain than rest of Europe
by Harry Wallop - Telegraph
Food prices are rising three times as fast in Britain than the rest of Europe, raising fears that supermarkets in this country are taking advantage of global food inflation. Food inflation in January ran at 6.3 per cent, on an annual basis, compared with an average of 1.5 per cent in the Eurozone, according to official figures collected by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, an influential group of the 30 richest nations.
Food prices climbed by 0.3 per cent in Ireland and 0.1 per cent, our two closes neighbours, which are supplied, in some cases, by the same food manufacturers. In Italy they increased by 1.6 per cent and 2.8 per cent in Germany. In most countries outside of the Eurozone, prices also climbed more modestly in, with increases of 2.1 per cent in America and 2.5 per cent in Australia, despite floods in the country, wiping out many of its crops. The average standard loaf of sliced bread is now £1.25, up from £1 just three years ago.
The monthly set of figures from the OECD raises questions about how well supermarkets are doing when it comes to protecting their customers from spiralling global food prices, that have hit meat, dairy and wheat products especially hard. They come just a week after a report by UBS, the investment bank, found that prices in Britain were "anomalous", pointing out that rising international global prices could justify about a 3.5 per cent increase, not a 6.3 per cent increase.
Economists Paul Donovan and Larry Hatheway, who co-wrote the report, said: "That suggests there may be margin expansion in the supermarket sector. Prices are rising in excess of justifiable cost increases. The UK stands out as having the broadest range of food price increases."
Part of Britain's problem is its increasing reliance on food imports, meaning the country is hit particularly hard when the value of the pound falls and the price of imported food increases. Figures from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, indicate that Britain is the least self-reliant that it has been since 1968, with just 58.9 per cent of the food eaten here grown in the country.
Food retailers pointed out that, according to official figures, most food in Britain is still cheaper than the rest of Europe, with the exception of alcohol. Supermarkets insisted their shoppers were not being ripped off. Richard Dodd, a spokesman at the British Retail Consortium, said: "I am not quibbling with the OECD statistics, but they don't reflect the actual shopping experience of most people. That's because they do not include any promotions on offer, such as buy one get one free. "Currently a record 39 per cent of all food in supermarkets is on promotion."
Europe weakens bank stress tests
by Ben Harrington - Telegraph
European regulators have weakened important parts of stress tests for banks, which were created to increase investor confidence in the sector.
German newspaper Handelsblatt published the new data points for the tests designed by the European Banking Authority (EBA), whose chairman, Andrea Enria, recently said that he was determined to make the stress tests more credible and use them to encourage widespread injection of fresh capital into Europe’s weaker banks.
The weakening of the stress test comes despite widespread criticism of a similar exercise last year, which was seen by financial markets as too soft on the banking sector. Indeed, some of the scenarios under which bank balance sheets will be examined are less threatening than the tests that failed to gain investor credibility last year. According to reports, the new stress test will model the impact of a 15pc fall in stock markets on banks. This is way below the figures used in the 2010 test, with no obvious toughening of other key parameters.
Meanwhile, macroeconomic stresses – modelling for a 0.5pc shrinkage of eurozone gross domestic product this year and 0.2pc next year – are less tough than a year ago. Reports also suggested tests for 88 banks across the eurozone will not include the sovereign bonds of weaker European nations held on banks’ books for longer-term assets, allowing lenders to escape the same writedowns on similar assets held in their trading books.
Another issue is that European officials plan to allow regulators in individual countries to use different definitions of a key capital ratio when conducting the tests. The European Banking Authority has reportedly told regulators and bankers that the tests are likely to rely on individual countries’ own definitions of Tier 1 ratios rather than creating a uniform framework that would apply to all banks.
RBS's top nine executives handed £28m in shares
by Jill Treanor - Guardian
Union brands share awards by loss-making bank a 'disgrace'
Bailed out Royal Bank of Scotland has handed shares worth £28m to nine of its top executives in the latest round of multimillion pound bonus awards by the high street banks.
The precise scale of the payouts at the loss-making bank, 83% owned by the state through £45bn of taxpayer funds, will become clearer next week when the annual report is published.
But stock exchange announcements showed that the nine key staff – including chief executive Stephen Hester – had been handed bonuses for 2010 of £10m in shares with a further £18m in long-term incentive plans that run until 2014 when their exact value will be known.
Len McCluskey, Unite's general secretary, branded the payments by the bank – which lost £1.1bn in 2010 – a "disgrace". The RBS disclosures came just 24 hours after Barclays lifted the lid on the pay deals it makes to its highest earners – handing five of them £110m.
Hester – whose £2m bonus for 2010 was announced last month and will be paid in shares – is receiving an extra £4.5m in stock through the long-term incentive plan on top of his annual bonus and £1.2m salary. This puts him on track for a pay deal of around £7.7m. For 2009 he did not take a bonus but received just over £4m through the long-term share plan. Finance director Bruce van Saun is receiving £1.3m in shares for his 2010 bonus and a further £2.8m through the long-term incentive plan.
The largest bonus awarded in shares is the £2.5m handed to John Hourican, head of the investment bank. Next week it is likely to emerge that Hourican has received more than that because he is also being paid in the bank's debt – although he is not expected to top the £7.7m that Hester could be handed if he meets all his performance criteria.
American-based Ellen Alemany also emerges as a top earner with a £1.1m bonus in shares and £2.5m of stock awarded through the long-term plan. Nathan Bostock, who runs the parts of the bank being shut down or sold off, gets £637,000 in shares for his 2010 bonus and £2m through the long-term plan. Brian Hartzer, who runs the retail bank, had £600,000 awarded in shares for 2010 and £1.9m in the long-term plan.
The 2010 awards are coming from the £950m payout pool agreed with UK Financial Investments, which controls the taxpayer's 83% stake in the bank, at the time of the Project Merlin deal. The Merlin deal requires the pay of the five highest earners reporting to the chief executive to be announced and RBS is expected to make those disclosures next week. The nine included in Tuesday's announcement are expected to be among them.
The prime minister has said he expects RBS to be the back-marker on pay, and while the 2010 payouts appear to have risen from 2009 – when RBS handed shares worth £16m to nine key managers through the long-term incentive plan and some £10m in bonuses – the bank stressed that numbers were not comparable. The latest payments included bonuses to Hester and van Saun for the first time.
"These awards follow exhaustive consultation with our shareholders and we believe they appropriately balance demonstrating restraint while remaining fully supportive of our leadership through the RBS turnaround plan," the bank said. Liberal Democrat Lord Oakeshott said: "There is precious little sign of restraint. Out of every £1 going to RBS top earners, 83p comes out of taxpayers' pockets."
Money From Nothing
by romanbeing
78 comments:
Here's the year 2010 credit card report summary via the FED's Z1
Total debt outstanding went up by $736.3 Billion, this was powered entirely by the Government's outstanding effort of borrowing $1,580.2 Billion!!
State & Local governments borrowed $104.8 Billion.
Meanwhile big corporations backed by Govt. guarantees, QEx & a risk on environment borrowed $355.3 Billion.
Meanwhile small business credit contracted by $195.4 Billion.
The household sector deleveraged by $239 Billion & the financial sector as a whole contracted credit by $964.2 Billion.
Bank loans down $104.7 Billion
Other loans & advances down $133.9 Billion, people & small businesses are paying back & not taking on more kool aid debt.
Mortgages down $483.1 Billion, any wonder home prices are falling again?
Consumer credit down $44.2 Billion
So if Mr Bill Gross is right & QE3 is not coming, the one engine supporting the US economy, uncle Sam's meth binge is coming to an abrupt end.
Deleveraging as a whole should be back with a vengeance & there's a bloody long way down.
I’m finding more and more bloggers repeating I&S’s message.
http://www.zerohedge.com/article/mike-krieger-why-2011-not-2008-why-it-much-worse-and-dow-gold-parity
The entire purpose of these articles is to wake up as many people in the United States as possible to the reality of the situation we are dealing with so they can prepare for what is coming and ride out the storm as best as possible. So that people can form tighter communities and learn to help their neighbors. The biggest risk we face is not lower standards of living. That is written in stone in the near-term. The biggest risk is that the emotional trauma caused by such an event allows us to be thrown into the arms of a demagogue that promises us security, stability and strength.
---
Re. Baculum
Way back in 2000 I kept a page, “The smelly primates”.
It had disappeared and now some of it has reappeared as
http://www.oocities.org/hubbletrouble2000/
It was my first foray into the question, “Why are we still around?”
One of my questions was ...
1) Did you know that all mammals (well! almost all), have a baculum? It's still in our DNA.
I would like to know when humans (mutated) lost this important tool. It has to give an evolutionary advantage since it is so widely used by all other creatures.
After all those years someone has looked into the DNA for some answers.
http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110309/full/news.2011.148.html
---
Re. stock market
Last week one of my friend said that he was up 10% since jan. 2011. I wonder what he will say next week. He considers me a doomer and unrealistic.
jal
Police firing on protestors in Saudi Arabia as I type this & then there's this
http://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2011/03/08/hugh-miles/saudi-arabias-day-of-rage/
In the event that force is used, however, organisers expect the demonstrations quickly to turn violent: unlike in Egypt or Tunisia, in Saudi Arabia there’s a large number of guns in private hands. ‘In Saudi Arabia an estimated 80 to 90 per cent of families have a weapon in their house and around 50 per cent of those weapons are AK-47s,’ an opposition source told me. ‘If I go on a peaceful demonstration and I am shot by the police and I am the son of a tribe then 100 per cent definitely my brother will bring a Kalashnikov and kill the policeman who killed me and he will kill more, five or ten. They know this, the police, and so I’ve been told by many ordinary individuals and officers that no way will they shoot us even if they are given orders and if force is used it will backfire in a very aggressive manner.’
Speaking of Water:
Oily Lab Rats?
Sad how far we often have to go to get real news in this country.
The Tchenguiz brothers are among the UK's highest-profile entrepreneurs, having amassed a fortune investing in property and leisure.
It is thought they were left heavily exposed to the failure of Kaupthing and were understood to have been among the bank's largest clients.
They are reportedly seeking to get a £2 billion lawsuit filed against Kaupthing and to be recognised as creditors of the bank, despite the fact both are said to have owed millions in loans to Kaupthing at the time of its collapse.
British tycoon brothers arrested in dawn raids as investigators probe collapse of Icelandic bank
I must say, I have been wondering how long they could keep up the pretence - when was the chutzpah going to reach its limits.
In the late 70's, I worked for the same airline as Vincent Tchenguiz - in the same tiny computer department and in adjacent offices - for two years. He was a very modest chap at the time - always smiling and unfailingly courteous. Years later, I was walking down M Street in Georgetown one evening and someone greeted me in Persian - it was him. He was sitting on the railings with his back to the traffic and watching the girls walk by (New York is a much better place to do that). We had a chat. He told me that after the revolution, he had moved to Israel but that he didn't like it as they "did not trust him because he was Iranian". He also said he was visiting his Dad who lived in America. Obviously, the Israelis looked differently on him later on. There are plenty of conspiracy theories about what really went on in Iceland. I just hope that the Jews, collectively, don't get the blame for stuff a tiny minority is doing.
For years, I read a lot about the exploits of these two brothers in the FT and I did not realise that I knew one of them. When the banks blew up in Iceland, I saw a photo and then realised that it was the same guy. At one time, the articles invariably mentioned that his dad was the "Shah's jeweller". That made me smile because the Shah had at least 20 jewellers and that did not mean very much except in the UK where they have royal warrants for shopkeepers and jam manufacturers. The British love royalty and just love to bend even to foreign "royalty". I guess his PR firm plugged it for all it was worth to the UK's media. You can get a really favourable article in a major newspaper by giving a meal in a decent restaurant to the right journalist - that is what PR consultants are paid for.
Well, I hope he didn't do anything wrong, but I do think it a bit of bad luck to have been dealing with banks in the only country in the world that let them go to the wall. If big banks in London and New York were allowed to go bust, there would be a long queue of people doing "God's work" who would be in trouble with the law.
SAUDI ARABIA
Guns per 100 residents: 35
Culture: Saudi Arabia's authoritarian government may frown upon movie theaters and female drivers, but it takes a remarkably laissez-faire attitude toward weapons. The use of firearms for hunting, protection, and public celebrations has a long tradition in Saudi culture, and until recently, regulations were virtually non-existent. In 2007, a new gun law set age limits -- you need to be 21 for a license but can train with adult supervision from the age of 12 -- a licensing system, and strict penalties for smuggling weapons or trading them with the intention of breaching internal security. The carrying of weapons is also banned in mosques, military installations, airports, and a number of other public facilities.
There are few reliable statistics on the number of unregistered weapons in the kingdom, but thousands are seized every year. In 2009, the government responded in a way that would make the National Rifle Association proud -- they made it easier to buy guns. The government for the first time began licensing private dealers (previously only hunting weapons could be purchased in sporting goods stores). Now, anyone with cash and a clean criminal record can now open a gun shop.
VK, Yemen is also getting ugly. It appears the teargas was spiced up with some nerve agents... Some protestors ended up in hospital using diapers as they lost some muscle control in certain bodily areas. What a world we are living in!
One should remember that US/UK troopers have trained Yemeni "security" forces, too. This makes one wonder...
Ilargi & Stoneleigh - another great set of articles!
El Gallon Oz Oh - I was confident you were joking (the ozone quip, last post)but your wit is so articulate it requires a lot of effort from a dimmer wit such as this ole Hombre. :-)
Denninger, who does have a some persuasive competence in economics, should stick to the same! He has IMO lowered himself (even further) by publishing an "alleged" letter from "unions and leftists" in which the author threatens to kill Wisconsin senators.
http://tinyurl.com/letter-from-union-leftists
Why do I get the feeling the next ten years will make the 60's look like a church picnic!
Murdoch ally 'warned MPs not to pursue hacking scandal'
If you step on the toes of the media groups, you can't get elected/reelected.
Emotional Gillard tells of the ties that bind
If you are a politician who knows how to get a good press in the US, you have a good future ahead of you. Of course, the "ties that bind" are either financial or favourable press - same thing if you look back to Tony Blair's experience.
Oprah takes the stage at Federation Square (Melbourne)
By the way, this Australian Prime Minister - who just happens to live down the road from me - is the same person who prejudged Assange as guilty before he was even accused. Later, the Australian police said that he had done nothing wrong under Australian law.
IMHO, the sooner localisation starts being the obvious future, the better democracy is likely to work - assuming it is still around.
@lautturi
Yemen is surpassed only by the land of the free (IQ youtube track) in gun ownership.
Regards,
Paul
About North Yemen. I have never been there but I do remember a cousin of my Dad's - a research scientist - who went there with his boss, Harry Hoogstral, the head of NAMRU in Cairo - also a scientist - back around 1960. These two were inveterate bug collectors (i.e. entomologists). For them, Yemen was heavenly - masses of new insects to collect. They especially loved ticks (blood-suckers which could grow to huge sizes) and when they went to conferences around the world, they would take their collections and "feed them" regularly.
Anyway, the King of Yemen - it was a kingdom at the time - decided that they must be spies and they were both locked up for a while in a dreadful prison until the full diplomatic pressure of the USA was brought to bear and they were allowed to leave the country - without their beloved specimens.
Ashvin:
"There is evidence that the same group of moneyed elites actually financed both the Third Reich and the Allies during World War II..."
How delightfully conspiratorial.
I tend to reject all concurrent global narratives that would deny any possible verity to such evidence, but most historical interpretation of nefarious powerplay is still not openly accepted, especially when involving great historical events, even when people do accept the existence and rational profitability of supranational military-industrial-financial complexions.
Peak freshwater by itself must entail the end of the growth of cities, perhaps to be replaced fully by the growth of slums, less water intensive arrangements, diminishing water quality does limit density by disease.
Waterwise, hydrological service of agriculture, industry and private water use must then be made vastly less wasteful/pollutive in order for any economotive activity to grow within the shrinking boundaries of available water supplies.
@Bigelow [previous thread]
"Soviet Union's been there, done that."
You must have misconstrued my argument if it seems that oppressive policy would be advocated by this reasoning, such excesses of persecution are to be avoided. Ideally, the viable functioning of totalitarian systems, as relying on governmental psychopathology, should be somewhat diminished if similar policy could be implemented, in conjunction with appropriate screening policies for positions of govermental agency.
Providing that relevant definitions are optimally constricted, this reasoning cannot be misinterpreted and extended beyond specified context, or be abused for excessive or wrongful persecution of anyone [else].
The argument is intended to be solely applicable to rightful persecution, as pertaining to the proposed lawful limitations on employability in governmental agency, and exclusively directed towards unrepresentative ethical agency, and those presumed expressions of autogenic political extremism, attributable to a clearly defined singular minority within government, as specified.
I did attempt to correctly parse suppositions and subarguments within and between brackets.
My apologies for any confusion.
Water is almost definitely the most valuable molecular resource on this planet, and possibly the most universally valuable molecular resource in the universe, for organic lifeforms. Some organic and most non-organic life need not involve water as unsubstitutable metabolistic medium.
Magnitued 8.9 earthquake hit Japan. Tsunami of up to 10 m pushed inland. Incredible live stream coverage at: http://www.ustream.tv/channel/foxtokimekitonight
Cheers,
Robert
Supergravity said... "How delightfully conspiratorial.
I tend to reject all concurrent global narratives that would deny any possible verity to such evidence, but most historical interpretation of nefarious powerplay is still not openly accepted, especially when involving great historical events, even when people do accept the existence and rational profitability of supranational military-industrial-financial complexions."
Yeah, that seems to be the norm in mainstream "academic" society - irrational denial of otherwise logical and verifiable evidence.
Coordinated financial elites are no more a part of a "conspiracy theory" than the Mafia consists of a ruthless criminal syndicate... only in theory!
I'm not sure whether most Americans know that their country has extensive statutory and case law governing "conspiracies" (i.e. RICO)and they cover exactly the type of behavior the financial serial criminals are engaging in.
If you own a country's central bank, direct its policy, abrogate the sovereign's right to issue currency, engage in massive fraud and bribery to steal trillions of dollars from other people, and coordinate at least some of this activity with other criminals, then you are a part of a legally-defined criminal conspiracy. No theory involved, only legal fact.
And let's not forget the European Human Rights Courts that were allegedly established to try people charged with "crimes against humanity", among other things. If we got the major finacial execs/officials in there and went through full discovery. we'd hear stories that made Hitler and Milesovic look like little babies splashing water in a bathtub...
But I guess we'll just have to settle for record bonuses and private beach vacations... until we dont.
through sheer luck -- an unrelated image search result that caught my eye -- i recently discovered Spike Japan, a ruins blog. the writing is exceptional. perhaps some of you are familiar with it. i'm rather excited about it. another fantastic photo essay i can recommend from Spike Japan is Monbetsu: We Don't want Your Sort Around Here
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M and i finally managed to 'bridge the gap' and sell our apartment. hurrah! some savings recovered. a great relief. found a nice little rental with no lease and our view is much improved. thank you I&S for the sense of urgency; we are currently resting on our laurels, but only briefly as M received word that the Seniors Program for which she works in all likelihood will lose its county funding come June which of course has come as no surprise. meanwhile, at my work at a group home for mentally retarded adults, funding for several of the residents' vocational programs is about to be cut which in feedback loop fashion will increase our expenses even as we continue (for now) to receive 9pc less funding than we did last summer, which was also about the time when new minivans were bought for each of the five homes in the company to replace older but perfectly serviceable ones.
---
my dad in Cyprus is still hanging-on to his one-man agency that represents european menswear companies in the middle east. here's part of a recent email from him:
"I was due to travel to Riyadh next Sunday 13th but my client in the Eastern Province (who is actually a Bahraini living in Manama) has tried to arrange my visa three times
and each time it was rejected!
I think that I’ll have to miss my travels in the region this year…also I don’t feel the Bahrainis will be minded to order clothing at the moment which leaves Kuwait and Qatar.
Kuwait looks a bit dodgy too.
Perhaps a quick trip to Qatar might be workable but let’s see how things develop in the next days/weeks…"
Gaia's day of rage.
Regards,
Paul
How f'kn prescient was today's blog post heading?!
it's educational if you can watch the management of the reports of damage to nuclear power plantS in Japan.
The information changes from minute to minute, nice reassurances floating to the surface.
Some disturbing factoids I've gleaned- actually at least 3 nuclear plants have "problems"; and, the US Air Force had to fly "really important coolant" to the one with the biggest problems:
http://tinyurl.com/5syn6zr
Oh, yes? I thought they were cooled with water? (that's what's being reported elsewhere). Exactly what IS this "really important" stuff?
If you skim the surface, it's all under control...
Japan scrambles to avert radiation crisis at nuclear plant http://j.mp/eV8Ewt What happens in case of a major aftershock?!?
Tokyo Electric Power Co said pressure inside a reactor at its Fukushima-Daiichi plant rose after the cooling system was knocked out by the earthquake, the largest on record in Japan.
Kyodo news agency quoted the company as saying that the radiation level was rising in the turbine building and the pressure had risen to 1.5 times the designed capacity.
Experts said there could be leakage if water levels in the Fukushima reactor fell and the temperature of the nuclear rods rose, though this might not happen immediately.
Greenpa,
What I have gleaned from reports is that the water at the plant intake is muddy thanks to the tsunami and not safe to use for coolant. So possibly the AF just flew in clean water.
@VK
Prescient headline indeed. Not exactly what Ilargi had in mind, I'm sure. But, the tsunami is a sobering reminder that Gaia is also a player in the game of life.
@ Grandpa Nobody,
Nature bats last.
New 6.6 quake as well. Events happening rapidly. Tough to keep track of it all.
TD at ZH said... "The components responsible for the decline were ABS Issuers whose liabilities declined by $94 billion, securities loaned by funding corporations declining by $40 billion and lastly repos, which dropped by $79 billion. In other words, speculation that the Fed had achieved its goal of stimulating an organic reflation in the shadow banking system at which point it would be able to end QE and hand off releveraging over to the private sector were premature..."
Along with the speculation that systemic deleveraging will not overwhelm a hyperinflationary meltdown event sparked by QE...
http://www.zerohedge.com/article/440-billion-drop-shadow-and-conventional-banking-system-liabilities-q3-gives-bernanke-carte-
Gaia is not finished for today.
Could this wake San Andreas Fault? (youtube Tool video)
Regards,
Paul
VK said...
@Grandpa Nobody,
Nature bats last.
New 6.6 quake as well. Events happening rapidly.
There seems to be a lot of rather significant "aftershocks"
Haha, there we go, Nicolas Stern says
Climate inaction risks a “global war”
failure to act on climate change = global war; failure to act on peak oil = global war; failure to act on financial bubbles = global war; all three together?
Alexander Ac
The US coastguard has launched MH-65C helicopters in a bid to find a man carried away by waves on the nothern California shoreline, not far from Crescent City, where some 35 boats were damaged in port - the worst damage reported so far along the west coast of the US.
The coastguard issued a statement, saying:
A man was swept out to sea by a wave after he and two friends reportedly travelled to the shoreline to take photos of the incoming tsunami waves.
No Darwin Award Winners left behind.
Regards,
Paul
Paul: "A man was swept out to sea by a wave after he and two friends reportedly travelled to the shoreline to take photos of the incoming tsunami waves.
No Darwin Award Winners left behind."
alas. Actually, I was bemused and amused by the really great abundance of photographs of surfers in California, and Hawaii - waiting for the waves; along with many other of rubberneckers down by the seashore to get a good look.
Oh, and, the photographers there to take their pictures...
dang good thing idiots are unkillable.
Via the Guardian's live blog.
9.20pm GMT: More unsettling news from the Fukushima No 1 nuclear power reactor in Onahama: the plant's operator Tepco says that radiation "could have already been released" from the damaged reactor, while Japan's prime minister Naoto Kan is saying that residents within 10km of the plant must leave the area.
CNN: "Citing the Tokyo Electric Power Co., Japan's Kyodo News Agency said that radioactive substances may have seeped out of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactor, about 160 miles (260 kilometers) north of Tokyo. Earlier, the agency had reported that authorities may purposefully release radioactive vapor to alleviate pressure at the power plant.
Radiation levels measured at a monitoring post near the plant's main gate >>>>are more than eight times above normal,<<<< Japan's nuclear safety agency said, according to Kyodo.
Most of the concern has centered around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactor, which Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano told reporters on Friday "remains at a high temperature" because it "cannot cool down."
eight times above normal; so MAYBE, then...
And, the NYT: "A Japanese nuclear safety panel said radiation levels were 1,000 times above normal in a reactor control room "
no sweat. Just send the little old ladies in with mops. Again.
Might be a good time to short General Electric-Hitachi Nuclear....
"Four people were also swept to sea in Curry County, Oregon, overtaken as they, too, sought to observe the waves. Two managed to escape, officials said, while two others were rescued. One victim nearly drowned."
I suggest, rather than "victim", the appropriate appellation would be "volunteer"...
A few dozens of pictures about the tsunami and following damage. Quite horrific (>_<)
It would appear that two seperate nuclear facilities in Japan are have cooling problems.
2 Japanese reactors in trouble
The great disconnect...
Obama talking to children about "bullying" being bad, while condoning detention and treatment of Bradley Manning.
This is the second time a president is lecturing children while TSHTF.
I suggest, rather than "victim", the appropriate appellation would be "volunteer"...
I was going to mention Darwin, but I see that it's already come up :-)
My guess is that TPTB are secretly celebrating the terrible disaster in Japan.
As the proles are caught up in the constantly unrolling events in Japan their attention is diverted:
- From the first really significant mass public demonstrations, in Wisconsin, since the Vietnam war - will the events in Wisconsin, Indiana and Ohio pass by without a blink?
- From the unfolding events in Libya - can the US military get involved there while everyone is not looking?
What could be a turning point in US history may be nothing more than another hohum event.
Cheers,
Robert
Reviews of Joe Babeant's new book "Rainbow Pie" at:
http://www.joebageant.com/joe/2011/03/rainbow-pie-listed.html#more
Interestingly, it has been available in Australia for 6 months but is still listed in Amazon.us as "temporarily out of stock" even though it has never been "in stock" for US readers.
Cheers,
Robert
Japan
7 reactors compromised with cooling problems.
Fukushima No 1 may be melting, explosions reported, unconfirmed.
http://www.twitvid.com/LICNU
Re: Japan, time for a conspiracy theory.
Lets assume that TPTB used a nuke detonation deep in a fault to test tsunami potential for infrastructure damage and geopolitical control. Benefits on boxing day 2004 went to those who implemented shock doctrine (detailed by Klein in Shock Doctrine), not to mention the US demonstrating how quickly they could follow up with a couple of Marine divisions if anyone in the Indian Ocean gave them cause.
Within a couple of weeks of oil prices starting to crack the ceiling of the global economy, a very large earthquake/tsunami hits the most sclerotic of the G8 nations, dropping oil prices and possibly taking Japan off the table as a major economic power in the medium term.
Of course it was a natural disaster. Just like any avalanche is a natural disaster.
You have to sift all the babble; this from NYT:
"Naoto Sekimura, a professor at Tokyo University, told NHK, Japan’s public broadcaster, that “only a small portion of the fuel has been melted. But the plant is shut down already, and being cooled down. Most of the fuel is contained in the plant case, so I would like to ask people to be calm.”
Ok. Fuel has been melted. First time anyone has let that out in public. No, that's really not good at all. And one of the things it shows is that the official statements are all regularly drastically understating the problem.
They're still saying the amount of radiation released is "tiny" - but another source says they've found cesium in it- which can only come from the fuel itself. So- reactor core material is outside. There is no way in hell "tiny" can be true.
The explosion was of course NOT nuclear; best expert guess is - it's from hydrogen, generated by water being blasted into atoms when it's in direct contact with melting nuclear fuel-
Don't worry, though; the "officials" have assured us that the wind is blowing out to sea...
Maybe we don't really need Japan. It's to its knees, and the DOW is up 60 yesterday. (I am not making light of Japan.)
Rob - re disaster as useful distraction - definitely. I was going to advise, along with shorting GE-Hitatchi, if you have any crimes planned, now would be a good time. Nobody is watching.
For example, while Japan is melting, from CNN:
"Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin today declared a State of Emergency for all 77 Oklahoma counties as more than two dozen wildfires spread across the state, causing evacuations."
What? Oh for heaven's sakes, let's get back to the REAL news.
Rob
Good theory but you would have to get Scotty to beam the nuke down to the fault under how many km of water and rock and he died several years ago.
However, I have heard all sorts of amazing things about the HAARP project in Alaska, and this functions on waves, not bombs made out of plutonium. Might have to tweak your theory.
Might be time to stock up on KI (potassium iodide tablets) at your local health food store while they still last and everyone is out buying their iPad 2's.
I forgot just how many nuclear plants we have to build each month to compensate for peak oil and beyond. Damn my memory. Maybe we could have AIG issue them liability insurance.
Greenpa
Blowing out to which sea? Hmm. The plant is on the east coast of Japan. Time for lead undergarments. Also protect your privates from TSA snooping thugs.
I don't think it was a hydrogen / oxygen combustion explosion as there were no flames reported. More likely just straight water vapor pressure. Not that it makes much difference. The next question is, where are they going to get the kamikaze heroes to cover the thing with concrete and die a horrible death like they did in Ukraine?
Digressing for a moment to the financial, I highly recommend Mish's interview dated Jan 6 on Frisby's Bulls and Bears podcast. Loaded with really good macro analysis. I disdain Mish's anti union politics, but I wasn't a big fan of Werner Heisenberg's Nazi politics either, but he certainly added to quantum mechanics.
Also Frisby does a good interview dated Jan 20 with Steve Keen, one of TAE's few lauded tenured professors of economics. Can't think of any others at the moment.
Linda said...
Maybe we don't really need Japan. It's to its knees, and the DOW is up 60 yesterday. (I am not making light of Japan.)
Not to worry. I was listening to the radio yesterday (Radio Canada) and they were already bullish on how good this will be for the canadian economy, calculating how much each industry will profit from rebuilding, and how important the role of the central banks will be providing the money. Sick f*&cks!
Regards,
Paul
BEWARE the FOMC of March!
Curiously occurs on the same day as the Ides of March.
Re.: Japan
I say bull shit to those who say GDP will improve.
There will be increased economic activity to replace what has been destroyed. This will not increase the wealth.
Its like totaling you car in an accident and saying that the wealth has increased because there will be a new car made and sold to replace your lost car.
The destruction will have world wide impact just like the tsunami wave that went around the world.
jal
Yeah the old broken window fallacy rears its ugly head again. Actually, broken windows are good for the banks if the owners have to take out a loan to fix it, thus increasing the bank's profits and the money (debt) supply. But Japan is leading the world in sovereign debt. This could be the hirsute on the camel's back.
Read the bull shit.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-12/japan-faces-another-leg-down-in-its-fiscal-health-after-quake.html
“This is a Keynesian stimulus program that nobody can argue with: just rebuilding the city of Sendai,” said Marcus Noland, deputy director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington, co-author of the 2001 book “No More Bashing: Building a New Japan-United States Economic Relationship.” “Rebuilding Sendai could actually be an opportunity to try to create a growth pole in northern Japan.”
The event at Fukushima looks to me like a hydrogen explosion in the relatively flimsy building over the reactor vessel. You wouldn't see flames from that reaction since it would run its course in milliseconds. Now that I've seen a diagram of the building, this explanation makes a lot of sense.
Thanks to Merrill on TOD:
"What appears to have blown off is the weather cover over the fueling deck."
www.theoildrum.com/node/7636#comment-775189
Japan pleads for more energy supply from Russia
Energy dominoes.
SFV has weighed-in on the nukey dookie in a detailed fashion over at his place.
Had to dig to get it; but a version of this video was up on the front page of the BBC minutes after the reactor explosion; can't find it now.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pg4uogOEUrU
This is Japanese news TV; it's at 0:47 in the video that the cut back to a different video feed that actually shows the moment of the explosion. If you slow it down, you can see the explosion front, very clearly.
I thought when I saw it -"woah; hydrogen" - very clean, and it winks out when the little bit of hydrogen is used up; then loads of gray dust from the destroyed outer building- and probably from concrete battered by the explosion.
There wouldn't be any flames; there was probably only 10%, or so, of the air inside that was hydrogen; nothing like the huge bags of pure hydrogen gas from the Hindenburg. But a confined burn of 10% would sure blow the building apart.
So - they flooded the core with seawater and boron- yike. Pray. Gonna be a few years before they get that one back on line.
BBC "Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano confirms that the concrete building surrounding the steel reactor container has collapsed as a result of the blast, but the steel containment chamber itself had not been damaged."
um. no, you really can't "collapse" the concrete, via external explosion, down onto the steel, and not "damage" the steel...
Greenpa,
You were probably looking for this video clip:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-FIK64JDJI&feature=related
The Beeb has an expert commenting on the explosion, and he says it looks like H2. What you are seeing is apparently a shock wave propagating upward from the building. The pressure variation around the wave front can cause temporary condensation in the air and make the wave briefly visible.
Would a nuclear sarcophagus become necessary if a meltdown has indeed occured?
If separate reactor facilities have been damaged, and remain non-operational for a prolonged period, even without further accidents, it doesn't seem possible to timely replace or substitute the electric generation that's now been interrupted, peak energy [density] may have been passed in Japan. This event and aftermath disruption might cause already untenable pubic debt levels to double.
They should seriously consider harvesting those deepwater methane clathrates off their coast if possible, as the economy otherwise cannot be powered without sufficient nuclear generation, and Russia or China might not be particularly motivated to constantly supply energy in the interim.
Re: insurance
Those investing in personal and/or community productive capacity might want to give some thought to physical infrastructure resilience in an era where private insurance will probably be a luxury few can afford.
Fire and wind are the main threats in my area, so all outbuildings I have constructed over the years are primarily heavily reinforced concrete. (I have insurance only where required by law)
When I read of commenters converting much of their liquidity to hard assets I find myself wondering if they are considering the possibility of losing everything. (I've had a lifelong predisposition for developing independent productive capacity , so have nothing against "hard assets" myself)
I can't quite understand why they could not ventilate that building if hydrogen was building up. All they needed was a hole in the top. That part of the building is intentionally flimsy to allow people to refuel out of the weather.
Sketch of Fukushima Reactor
There must be an excellent reason since they are better engineers than I am.
DIY - huh! Looking at your clip, I'd agree with the shock wave- but you know; if you look at the clip I linked to- it's from a different camera, for sure; and it looks different. I may be projecting- but to me in some of the stop-frames I've been able to manage it looks like there's an actual flame front, which poofs out when it hits a very sudden limit.
Hot diggety, another deal for people to analyze and write books about!
Meanwhile- so, they flooded it with seawater- and just where is that seawater going? Boiling off as steam? Sitting in a lake? I don't think those early models had really big lake capacity built in- and even so; maybe the earthquake cracked it, so it won';t hold water, which is the problem- so- where is the seawater going?
It's going to be hot. In every way imaginable.
Melt - Souxie and the Banshees
Apparently a quarter of electric power is derived from nuclear in japan, this segment seems practically irreplaceble by alternatives.
As the population would now become more fearful of accidents, and it becomes exceedingly politically difficult to facilitate nuclear expansion or maintenace of current infrastructure, and being the third most intensively nuclear-powered nation after the US and France, the government would be highly motivated to downplay or minimise exposure to nuclear safety-related bad news.
http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com/
Does anyone at all bother reading Mish any more?
logout
Mish is just too politicised, and that is the main problem in the USA as best I can tell (IMO).
So I for one don't and won't but thanks for the linking effort anyway :)
Nassim said...
I can't quite understand why they could not ventilate that building if hydrogen was building up.
I know we're talking 6 reactors running at 100% producing just under 4,700 MW which is no small amount of electricity (and turning off the electricity in the middle of a disaster is going to make a bad situation worse)...
I haven't been following it closely HOWEVER... AP is running a story claiming that unit 3 is probably going through a partial meltdown.
One would have to start to wonder why they weren't all shutdown immediately following the earthquake until their their operational safety could be verified... or at minimum why the other 5 weren't shutdown after the initial problems with unit 1.
Common sense seems to have taken the day off.
@ soundOfSilence
Full disclosure, all I know about nuclear reactors is what I read.
The operators never had any choice in the shutdown of the reactors. They shutdown automatically as soon as the quake was detected by a system known as SCRAM (safety control rod axe man). So named because when the first ever reactor went critical at the University of Chicago, one Norman Hilberry was handed an axe and told to cut the rope suspending the safety control rod mechanism above the pile if it failed to operate.
When the reactors SCRAM'ed the generators lost power. Without power, the coolant pumps stopped. The diesel generators failed, which has not been explained, but in my experience with backup generators it seems like they only ever fail when the power goes out. That left them with a battery backup system that is only good for a few hours at best.
Unfortunately, reactor fuel rods continue to produce considerable heat for an extended period of time due to decay heat. Without an operating coolant circulation system, the fuel rods can get very hot and melt. Your indictment of the operators is almost certainly unwarranted. It was a system failure.
@I.M Nobody
Indeed. It's not a matter of turning off the lamp on the other side of the room.
If I had even so much as scrolled down a bit on the Wikipedia article past the table listing the power output for each reactor.
On occasion I have an exquisite ability so make myself look foolish.
ex·quis·ite/ekˈskwizit/
Adjective: Extremely beautiful and, typically, delicate.
Pardon me whilst I go attempt to pry my foot out of my mouth.
DIY, and others, you are quite right about the shock wave. I saw it too on broadcast of explosion at Japanese nuclear plant. The shock wave is visible because the air is highly compressed and light is refracted due to differences in air densities.
It is often visible in first order explosions.
A classic example is the Henderson Nevada PEPCOM explosion. A vicious fire of burning ammonium perchlorate (AP)went DDT, that is it underwent a deflagation-detonation transition. That is when a rapidly burning explosive creats a shock wave within the explosive mass which results in a near instantaneous decomposition of a large portion of the explosive, ie it explodes. In this video you can see the shock wave rapidly expanding across the desert.
See: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2K0cEX9ex3U
PEPCOM was the supplier of AP for the place I used to work at.
A another neat video shows very clearly the compression wave in controlled explosions. In this video you can see how the highly compressed air in the shockwave bubble distorts the path of light passing through it:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EKSFLkcOq8
Cheers,
Robert
This is for Stoneleigh. The cyberwars seem to be expanding. Long live "V"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7D6neBzTnOQ&feature=player_embedded
Cheers,
Robert
At least a partial meltdown has occurred, it has been mostly confirmed, making this accident worse than three mile island, but still expected to be below tsernobyl in terms of long-term environmental damage and public health hazard, if the evacuation zone is large enough, and if most of the dust and radioactive vapor does fall out over the pacific, and doesn't enter the foodchain too swiftly. The synergy of these disasters may become worse. There's some rumor about japan's largest dam being destroyed.
The pacific coast of america stands to be slightly irradiated, if so, the total fallout exposure from the officially acknowledged amount of contamination should be hardly noticeable as another health hazard among all the other carcinogenic contaminants already present. Appropriate trace-element biosaturation, and some measures to lessen exposure to concurrent pollutants, like quitting smoking, should still more than compensate for any increased carcinogenity risk from contamination at present.
This meltdown may have occurred in an entirely force-majeure circumstance, and doesn't qualify as an operational accident attributable to any combination of pronounced design flaws, inadequate maintenance or human error, but it does reveal a magnitude of irreduceable risk to nuclear powerplants situated in any region particularly prone to natural calamities, such as tectonically overactive regions.
I found the following to be an educational comment in ZH. Since you cannot link to comments, I thought I would insert it here.
-------------------------------
I’m not an expert on nuclear reactors. I taught in the nuclear power program of the US Navy some years ago, meaning I was competent to discuss some aspects of reactors, and specifically the type the navy uses. So I’m also not some random guy in the street. With that disclaimer in mind, there are a few items to mention with regard to the reactor issues in Japan following the earthquake.
This is not another Chernobyl. The reactor design is very different, and the circumstances are different. The Chernobyl accident (link for the more technically inclined) involved an operating reactor that went prompt critical as the result of operational errors, deliberate disabling of certain safeguards as part of a test, and design flaws. This caused a steam explosion and chemical fires as the carbon moderator caught fire.
A closer analogy would be Three Mile Island.
There have been reports of an explosion, but it must be stressed that this was not a nuclear explosion. The reactors have been shut down. It’s not so easy to cause a nuclear explosion in the first place (bombs require a level of expertise), and a shutdown reactor does not have the capability of sustaining the fission reaction. This leaves us with steam pressure buildup or hydrogen as the most likely culprits, i.e. it’s thermodynamics or chemistry, not nuclear physics, which explains the explosion.
The reactor is shut down, so what’s the danger? The products of a fission reaction are typically radioactive, and subsequent decays also release energy. Shutting down the reactor reduces the fission rate by many orders of magnitude, so it’s effectively zero in terms of heat output, but the radioactive fission products still release up to 6-7% of the plant’s power output. The actual value depends on the operating history; the fission products with long half-lives take longer to build up to steady-state values. This value will drop fairly quickly as the short-lived isotopes decay, but it’s still significant — a reactor rated at 1000 MW will still be producing tens of MW of decay heat. The reactors in question at Fukushima Daiichi are rated at 460 or 784 MW
So shutting down does not mean it’s Miller Time? Right. You need to run pumps and do something with the energy, which usually means piping water to a cooling tower, which means you need to run pumps, and those require electricity. It seems silly, at first glance, that a reactor would need a source of power to run it, but the turbines are probably designed to run at the high power output of the reactor and not off of decay heat. So you have an external power line (lost in the quake), local generators (apparently also damaged) and battery backup. Redundant systems. However, it seems that the damage was severe, so the primary and first backup systems are still offline, and if cooling was lost (batteries have a finite lifetime), the water in the core can boil away.
That sounds bad. Yes. As long as the core stays covered with water, things should be fine. But uncovered, the temperature can rise and fuel elements can begin to melt. Hydrogen is produced, which can explode, and boiling water becomes steam, which raises the pressure in the containment vessel. The latter is why the containment vessel would be vented. You would need to replace that water into the system, which also requires pumps. (This what had happened at TMI, though in that case, the cooling pumps were shut off deliberately owing to a flawed procedure)
So this is serious. Nothing here is meant to imply otherwise. But the term “meltdown” (or worse, if preceded by “Chernobyl-like”) raises all sorts of imagery, most of which is inaccurate.
Here are some links from what look to be credible sources. This is a dynamic situation, so there is a shelf-life to the details.
New post up.
How Black is the Japanese Nuclear Swan?
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NHK sends non-stop program here focusing in tsunami/ nuke issue. Don't worry it's in English (^_^)
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